American Police Hall of Fame and Museum
http://www.aphf.org/
The memorial speaks to our hearts as it brings home the reality that a police officer is killed every 57 hours somewhere in the United States. Within these walls, their service, courage and dedication shall never be forgotten.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Arresting Transnational Crime
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0801/ijge/ijge0801.htm
Global Issues: An Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State - August 2001 Volume 6, Number 2
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Attitudes Toward Crime, Police, and the Law: Individual and Neighborhood Differences
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/fs000240.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/fs000240.txt
The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) examines human development in its neighborhood context. Racial and ethnic differences in attitudes toward social deviance, the police, and the law were studied in 343 urban neighborhoods in Chicago. The neighborhood context is important in understanding differences in attitudes toward crime and the law. The study revealed that blacks and Latinos are less tolerant of deviance (including violence) by teenagers than whites. Yet, residents of economically disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to tolerate smoking, drinking, and fighting among youths and in general to feel negative toward the police and laws. Robert J. Sampson, and Dawn Jeglum Bartusch. National Institute of Justice, June 1999.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Bank Robbery
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/e03071267.pdf
Describes the problem of bank robberies, reviews factors that increase its risks, and reviews research and police practice-based responses. This guide will help law enforcement professionals analyze their local bank robbery problem. (NCJ 218074, 88 pp.) Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guide Series No. 48. (NCJ 217862) (65 pp.) [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Benefits and Consequences of Police Crackdowns
http://popcenter.org/responses/PDFs/crackdowns.pdf
Michael S. Scott.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Bibliography on Democratic Policing
http://www.altus.org/altus/research_tools/
bibliography.asp?section_id=3&sub_section_id=12&id=13&lang=en
http://www.vera.org/publications/publications_5.asp?publication_id=149
Originally published by Vera in March 1998 as "Bibliography of Policing Literature with Select Annotations," this popular resource was updated in 2004 to include many more works published in languages other than English and was also converted to an on-line database. It is now hosted and maintained by Altus, the global justice alliance that Vera helped to create and of which Vera is a member. You can search the Bibliography on Democratic Policing on the Altus web site in five languages: English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Russian.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

BJA's Law Enforcement Training Database
http://bjatraining.aspensys.com/
Can't find the right training program? The latest in federally funded training programs is now available online in one convenient source from BJA. The Law Enforcement Training Database identifies your training needs quickly and easily with a centralized and fully searchable database. The database locates course descriptions for more than 650 training programs available from providers throughout the Nation and finds the most current contact information on training programs for all State and local law enforcement agencies worldwide--information that may no longer be available in print.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Broken Windows
The 1982 volume of the Atlantic is available in the Main Library Stacks.
At the community level, disorder and crime are usually inextricably linked. Social psychologists and police officers tend to agree that if a window in a building is broken and is left unrepaired, all the rest of the windows will soon be broken. Just as physicians now recognize the importance of fostering health rather than simply treating illness, so the police--and the rest of us--ought to recognize the importance of maintaining, intact, communities without broken windows. An article by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling appearing in the March 1982 issue of Atlantic.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Broken Windows and Police Discretion
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/178259.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/178259.pdf
Also available in the Government Documents Library
The past two decades have seen growing awareness of the complexity of police work, an examination of the use of discretion in officers' daily policing activities, and a better understanding of the critical role community leaders play in the vitality of neighborhoods. In the context of the "broken windows" metaphor, proposed by James Q. Wilson and Dr. Kelling in 1982 in The Atlantic Monthly, this Research Report details how an officer's sensitive role in order maintenance and crime prevention extends far beyond just arresting lawbreakers--how discretion exists at every level of the police organization. Historically, police have asserted authority in many ways, often having nothing to do with arrest. Dr. Kelling takes a special interest in the use of discretion to exercise the core police authority, enforcement of the law. October 1999.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

The Challenge of Crime in A Free Society: Looking Back, Looking Forward
http://magic.msu.edu/record=b3525191~S39a
Symposium of the 30th Anniversary of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, June 19-21, 1997, Washington, D. May 1998. NCJ170029. Available on microfiche.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

The Changing Face of America
http://www.totse.com/en/law/justice_for_all/faceofam.html
To understand fully what such immigration will mean for policing in the 21st century requires exploring some crucial questions. Who are these new immigrants? How many are there? Why do they come here? What new demands will they place on law enforcement in the future? How can the police prepare today to meet these changing needs? Article by Robert C. Trojanowicz, Ph.D. and David L. Carter, Ph.D.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

COPLINK
http://www.coplink.net
Coplink is a crime-fighting technology solution for law enforcement agencies that allows local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies to collect, consolidate, and share information across all boundaries. According to a Newsweek article, if COPLINK had been operational during the Washington sniper tragedy, it would have alerted investigators to the fact that John Muhammad and Lee Malvo had been stopped by police at more than one crime scene (7). COPLINK works by allowing vast quantities of structured and seemingly unrelated data, which is currently housed in incompatible computer-based record management systems, to be organized under a single, highly secure intranet-based platform. Through sophisticated analytics, COPLINK builds "institutional memory," reduces knowledge gaps, helps generate leads when there are none, and prevents criminals from falling through the cracks. The system is scaleable, allowing for the creation of ad hoc regional and national task forces to address specific criminal activity such as terrorism and drug trafficking.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

CopsOnline
http://www.copsonline.com/
This site is made by cops for cops. If you're a cop, hang up your hat and pull up a seat with your coffee and donut. You will have places to chat, read message boards and have access to the restricted area for the Copsonline monthly Magazine with training information, stories, and much more. If your a civilian then come on in and walk the beat with the men and women of Law Enforcement.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Crime, Police, and Root Causes
http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-218es.html
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 218, November 14, 1994, by William A. Niskanen.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Department of Justice Guidelines Regarding the Use of Confidential Informants
http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/readingroom/ciguidelines.htm
January 8, 2001.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Distraction Crime on the Rise
http://blogpublic.lib.msu.edu/index.php?blog=5&title=distraction_crime_on_the_rise&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1
Distraction theft – someone bumps you while the other picks your pocket – has been around for ages, but Toronto police want to "warn the public of this growing criminal enterprise" that they say is becoming more sophisticated. "They're targeting people in banks and around bank machines and communicating with each other on cellphones to work together as a team to victimize people," said Det. Sgt. Dave Vickers. The Toronto Star, October 27, 2007.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Do Police Matter? An Analysis of the Impact of New York City's Police Reforms
http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_22.htm
This study evaluates explanations that have been advanced for the sharp decline in crime in New York City during the 1990s. The authors consider arguments that crime drops have been the result of socio-economic factors, such as an improving economy, falling numbers of teenaged males, and declining use of crack cocaine. They also consider the argument that police interventions--paricularly the enforcement of laws against minor crimes, known as "broken windows" policing--played a major role. George L. Kelling and William H. Sousa, Jr. Manhattan Institute, Center for Civic Innovation, Civic Report No. 22. December 2001.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Ensuring Public Safety and National Security Under the Rule of Law:
A Report to the American People on the Work of the FBI, 1993-1998
http://magic.msu.edu/record=b3539641~S39a
Available in the Government Documents Collection under J 1.14/2:SA 1
(Last checked 05/02/08)

An Eye on Detroit's Finest
long link
In October 2000, video cameras were installed in Detroit Police scout cars. This paper evaluates their usefulness. An Eastern Michigan University, Center for Regional and National Security, Staff and Command paper by Jan A. Johnson, Detroit Police Department, 2002. 19pp.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Gary Marx Home Page
http://web.mit.edu/gtmarx/www/garyhome.html
A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has done a lot of research on undercover policing. His home page contains links to many articles he has written.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Guide to Frugal Evaluation for Criminal Justice
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/187350.pdf
Michael G. Maxfield, Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice, Feb. 2001. 186pp. NCJ187350
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Guidelines for Starting and Operating a New Police Department
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1754
http://www.ilj.org/publications/COPS_Guidelines_NewDepartment.pdf
This guide will help public officials and citizens decide whether to start their own police departments and offer guidance on how to do so efficiently and effectively. Deborah Spence et al. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (USDoJ). 2006.
ILJ staff (Connors, Webster and Spence) , with funding from the COPS Office, prepared a useful and timely guide for governments and communities that want to develop new police agencies (or merge existing agencies). This guide was based on surveys of several hundred communities that received "police start-up" grants from the COPS Office, interviews with over 50 law enforcement officials who had recently started new police agencies, and a focus group with experts who had participated in developing start-up police agencies. The guide includes useful strategies, policies, and tips.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Highway Traffic Safety Desk Book
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/DESKBK.html
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's "Desk Book" for police traffic services officers contains federal guidelines on everything from field sobriety testing, breath machines and traffic stops to highway engineering and railroad grade crossing safety. It could potentially be used as evidence as to whether proper standards were met.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Hiring and Keeping Police Officers
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/202289.pdf
Presents the findings of a study that examined the recent experiences of police agencies nationwide in hiring and retaining sworn officers. Researchers found that while most agencies grew in the 1990s, 20 percent declined in size, most often because of fiscal or recruitment problems. 16 pp. NCJ 202289. (NIJ)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Hiring and Retention Issues in Police Agencies
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/410380_Hiring-and-Retention.pdf
This report contains a collection of readings that examine various staffing issues in policing. These readings address three broad issues: determinants of police staffing levels; the processes of hiring, training, and deploying officers; and retention patterns associated with individual officers and staff positions. The papers are the result of an Urban Institute research project funded by the National Institute of Justice to, in large part, answer questions of interest to policymakers in the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (i.e., the COPS Office), the agency that administers the federal Community Oriented Policing Services program. Passed by Congress as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, the COPS program is the federal government’s initiative to add 100,000 officers to the nation’s police agencies through grants for hiring new officers and other means. Christopher S. Koper, Edward R. Maguire, Gretchen E. Moore, and David E. Huffer, Urban Institute, October 01, 2001.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

History of the NYPD
http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/nypd/html/3100/retro.html
Divided into the following sections:
(1) the Early Years: the Challenge of Public Order, 1845 to 1870
(2) An Era of Corruption and Reform, 1870 to 1900
(3) Policing the Greater City, 1900 to 1935
(4) The Emergence of the Modern NYPD
Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

How to Collect and Analyze Data: A Manual for Sheriffs and Jail Administrators
http://nicic.org/Downloads/PDF/Library/021826.pdf
3rd edition (ACCN 021826, 220 pp.) provides guidance on how information affects policy decisionmaking. Topics include good management; data collection; how to locate and capture information; analyzing, interpreting, and sharing information; and getting the most from your information system. Not available from NCJRS. (NIC)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

IC21: The Intelligence Community in the 21st Century
http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/intel/ic21/ic21013.html
Staff Study on Intelligence and Law Enforcement by the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA)
http://www.icjia.org/
Created in 1983, the Authority is a specialized state government agency dedicated to improving the administration of criminal justice in Illinois. The Authority develops new information technology for law enforcement, manages millions of dollars in federal and state grants, and oversees research and policy development within the criminal justice system. The Authority also serves as the only statewide forum for long range planning and problem solving among state and local criminal justice agencies.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Increasing the Utility of the Criminal History Record:
Report of the National Task Force
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/iuchr.pdf
This report describes deliberations of the task force, whose members included representatives of prosecutors' offices, the judiciary, and other criminal justice agencies, and identifies and discusses issues concerning inclusion and presentation of RAP sheet data. Appendixes offer options for RAP sheet presentation and transmission. The report is part of the continuing BJS series on improving criminal history record systems in the States. SEARCH Group, Inc. 12/95. NCJ 156922.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

"Informal Information Sharing Among Police Agencies" (Research Preview) (FS 000233)
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/fs000233.pdf
This NIJ Research Preview explores the informal network of information sharing among police agencies. Through this information network, police planners contact other law enforcement agencies directly to gather information needed to manage their departments. Based on a survey administered to police planners in 360 local organizations and 43 State law enforcement agencies, the study found that the communication between law enforcement planners is frequent, well organized, and often leads to the introduction of successful ideas from other communities. Alexander Weiss. December 1998.
Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Internet Criminal History Access Tool, or ICHAT
http://apps.michigan.gov/ichat/home.aspx
The Michigan State Police provides the Internet Criminal History Access Tool, or ICHAT, which allows you to instantaneously access the criminal history records of individuals who have been convicted of a crime in Michigan. ICHAT is an easy way to access this information, and is free to nonprofit charitable (the cost is $10.00 per request for for-profit businesses or individuals).
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Lansing Police Department
http://www.lansingpolice.com/
The largest police department in the Lansing, Michigan metropolitan area.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement in a Free Society
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/1197/ijde/ijde1197.htm
A compilation of journal articles, bibliographic resources, and web links appearing in Issues of Democracy: Electronic Journal of the U.S. Information Agency, Volume 2, Number 4, November 1997.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement in A New Century and A Changing World
Improving the Administration of Federal Law Enforcement
http://www.ncrle.net/cafle/
Also available as a book in the Government Documents Library under the call number Y 3.2:L 41/EN 2
A new report by the Commission on the Advancement of Federal Law Enforcement outlining the challenges to federal law enforcement as the nation moves into a new era. Examines the challenges in efforts to maintain and improve the Federal law enforcement system in such areas as coordination, terrorism, the globalization and federalization of crime, and the professionalism, integrity, and accountability that needs to be upheld in Federal law enforcement. 2000. 193 p.
Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=1404
Through the Major Cities Chiefs and other forums, law enforcement executives told the COPS Office that they were looking for new guidance for their agencies’ intelligence functions in the post-September 11 world. In direct response to that request, COPS funded Michigan State University’s David Carter to write a guide on law enforcement intelligence that incorporated information from federal, state, local, and tribal experts and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan. In his preface, Dr. Carter particularly acknowledges the FBI and Bureau of Justice Assistance, and we join him in recognizing their leadership in the law enforcement intelligence field. Dr. Carter’s guide promises to help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to be instrumental in fighting terrorism and other crimes while preserving hard-won community policing relationships.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement Tech Guide for Creating Performance Measures That Work
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1968
Provides a six-step process for measuring performance, practical real-life examples, templates, recommendations, and checklists. This guide will help agencies develop the necessary evaluation tools needed to improve programs and initiatives. (NCJ 217499) (160 pp.) (COPS)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement Tech Guide for Information Technology Security
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1969
Provides strategies, best practices, recommendations, and ideas for developing effective security policies. This publication will help readers identify and assess risks and provide ideas for mitigating these risks. (NCJ 217501) (202 pp.) (COPS)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Law Enforcement Television Network (LETN)
http://www.letn.pwpl.com/
The Law Enforcement Television Network is committed to being the leading provider of responsive, quality training, education, information and news, resulting in a more professional, efficient law enforcement community. Offer programming via satellite to subscribers. Web site also features online articles related to programming.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Lessons in Preventing Homicide
http://www.cj.msu.edu/~outreach/psn/erins_report_jan_2004.pdf
Erin Dalton, Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, December 2003. 61pp.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
http://www.lapdonline.org
Official site of one of the world's largest police agencies. Lots of information and links about this agency.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Blog
http://lapdblog.typepad.com/
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Managing a Multijurisdictional Case: Identifying the Lessons Learned From the Sniper Investigation
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/pubs/SniperRpt.pdf
Details the "lessons learned" and recommendations for how police agencies can prepare for high-profile crimes involving multiple jurisdictions. This report is based on the experiences of more than 100 individuals closest to the D.C. sniper case along with information from focus groups and other sources. (210 pp.) (NCJ 207206)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Measuring What Matters : Measures of Crime, Fear, and Disorder (Part One)
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/measure.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/measure.pdf
A publication by Thomas V. Brady, December 1996.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Measuring What Matters : Developing Measures of What the Police Do (Part Two)
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/167255.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/167255.pdf
A NIJ publication by Thomas V. Brady, November 1997. Subject: Information systems, police planning and management, problem-oriented policing, media.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Measuring What Matters: Proceedings From the Police Research Institute Meetings
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/170610.htm
Are traditional measures of police performance still meaningful for law enforcement agencies that have adopted the principles of community policing? Measuring What Matters: Proceedings From the Police Research Institute Meetings presents a compilation of papers presented at three meetings convened to focus on how to measure crime, disorder, and fear; public attitudes and expectations; and the performance of police in light of the expanded goals of community policing. The authors examine the implications of measuring community policing performance and provide new assessment criteria for organizations to monitor their community policing efforts. July 1999.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

National Center for Women and Policing
http://www.feminist.org/other/ncwp.asp
The National Center for Women and Policing is a project of the Feminist Majority Foundation, a national organization working for women's equality, empowerment, and nonviolence. Through its West Coast offices, the Feminist Majority Foundation has successfully pioneered historic community efforts to increase women's participation in policing in Los Angeles and to improve police response to family violence crimes.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

National Summit on Campus Public Safety
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1561
Recommendations from a November 2004 national meeting on overcoming fragmentation and promoting cooperative approaches to ensuring campus safety in the post 9/11 era. From the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the Justice Department (COPS).
(Last checked 05/02/08)

National Task Force on Privacy, Technology, and Criminal Justice Information, Report of the
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/rntfptcj.htm
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/rntfptcj.pdf
Reports on the findings and recommendations of the Task Force on Privacy, Technology and Criminal Justice Information which was supported by BJS and SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. The Task Force met three times and included representatives of Federal and State law enforcement, the judiciary, academics, media, private sector information distributors, and privacy advocates. The task force reviewed the law and policy addressing the collection, use, and dissemination of criminal justice record information and, particularly, criminal history record information. The findings address a wide variety of issues which impact on privacy decisions and are relevant to persons considering the privacy impacts presented by advances in technology. August 2001. NCJ187669.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

NCJRS Virtual Library : Law Enforcement
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/LawEnforcement.asp
(Last checked 05/02/08)

The New Structure of Policing: Description, Conceptualization, and Research Agenda
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/187083.htm
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/187083.txt
David H. Bayley and Clifford D. Shearing, National Institute of Justice, 2001. 56 pp. NCJ 187083. Describes the current worldwide restructuring of policing, including the forms restructuring is taking, the reasons for it, and the issues it raises for governance, especially with respect to the issues of justice, equal protection, and quality service. This NIJ Research Report includes a discussion of the topics that most urgently need to be studied if contemporary developments in policing are to be understood and made responsive to public policy. In a short conclusion, the authors reflect on the meaning of current changes and the prospects for policing in the future.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

New Trends in Law Enforcement
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/1197/ijde/freeh.htm
Louis J. Freeh, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), discusses the many new challenges facing law enforcement officials, and the steps that the FBI is taking to meet them. An article appearing in Issues in Democracy: an electronic journal published by the U.S. Information Agency, November 1997.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

New York City Police Department (NYPD)
http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/home.html
Official website of one of the largest police agencies in the world. Contains much information about the organization and its efforts.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

On Democractic Policing
http://www.policefoundation.org//pdf/62.pdf
From Aristotle to William Bratton, the fundamental principles of democratic policing are explored in this monograph by Jerome Skolnick. Emeritus Professor of Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Policy, UC-Berkeley, and Co-Director, Center for Research in Crime and Justice, NYU Law School, Skolnick examines police strategies and practices that challenge the delicate balance of maintaining public safety without sacrificing basic freedoms. August 1999, 8pp. Sponsored by the Police Foundation.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Overcoming Language Barriers: Solutions for Law Enforcement
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/vera_translating_justice_final.pdf
Provides strategies for developing language access plans for limited-English-proficient populations. The report provides practical guidance for law enforcement agencies about ways to address language barriers they encounter. (NCJ 217863) (20 pp.) (COPS)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Chief's Desk Reference
A Guide for Newly Appointed Police Leaders
http://www.theiacp.org/Research/PCDR.pdf
1st ed., International Association of Chiefs of Police, under grant number 1997-DD-BX-0043, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, 2004.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Departments in Large Cities, 1990-2000
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pdlc00.pdf
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Facility Planning Guidelines
http://www.theiacp.org/documents/pdfs/Publications/ACF2F3D.pdf
International Association of Chiefs of Police, Published in collaboration with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, December 2001
(Last checked 05/02/08)

A Police Guide to Surveying Citizens and Their Environment
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/polc.txt
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives
Available in the MSU Main Library
During the last three decades, American policing has seen significant change and innovation, write the editors of Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. In a relatively short time, they say, police began to reconsider their fundamental mission, the nature of the core strategies of policing, and the character of their relationships with the communities they serve. This book brings together police scholars to examine innovations in policing that emerged during the last decades of the twentieth century. The focus is on:
(1) Community policing
(2) Broken windows policing
(3) Problem-oriented policing
(4) Pulling levers policing
(5) Third-party policing
(6) Hot spots policing
(7) Compstat
(8) Evidence-based policing
According to the editors, this was not intended to be an exhaustive list of innovations; instead the approach was to identify those that influenced the array of police tasks, practices, and strategies broadly affecting American policing. David Weisburd and Anthony A. Braga, eds. Cambridge Studies in Criminology, 2006. (Book Review)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Organization in Transition
http://web.archive.org/web/20060117010122/
http://www.communitypolicing.org/pforgtrans/index.html
Report sponsored by the Police Foundation. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Performance: A Select Bibliography
http://www.criminology.utoronto.ca/library/polperf.htm
Compiled by the University of Toronto Centre of Criminology Library. March 10, 2003.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Problem Based Learning : Blueprint for the 21st Century
http://staffandcommand.msu.edu/PolicePBLBook2007.pdf
PBL represents the next generation in law enforcement training by fostering critical thinking, and employing learning philosophies appropriate in today's law enforcement world. Gerard Cleveland and Gregory Saville. COPS. 2007
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Psychics: Do they Really Help Solve Crimes?
http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/police-psychics.html
The subject is nothing if not controversial. On one television show an experienced detective insists that no psychic has ever helped his department solve a crime, while another broadcast features an equally experienced investigator who maintains that psychics are an occasionally valuable resource, citing examples from his own solved cases. Who is right? Is it a matter of science versus mysticism as some assert, or an issue of having an open mind as opposed to a closed one as others claims? Article written by Joe Nickell for Skeptical Briefs.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Pursuits : Facts, Policies, and Technologies
long link
Paper by Kenneth Balinski for the Eastern Michigan University School of Police Staff and Command, April 7, 2000.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

The Police - Serving the Community
http://web.archive.org/web/20010608065751/
http://www.cathus.co.uk/hertspol/history/police01.html
History of the British Police. Includes illustrations.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Structure and Organization : A State-by-State Guide
http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/polstruct.htm
Web page by Tom O'Connor at Austin Peay State University with extensive history and links.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Police Training in a Democracy
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/1197/ijde/marinen.htm
In this examination of police training in the U.S., Washington State University Political Science Professor Otwin Marinen highlights the elements of training intended to ensure that police themselves will abide by the law. An article featured in Issues in Democracy : an electronic journal published by the U.S. Information Agency, November 1997.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

PoliceOne.com : Police and Law Enforcement Portal
http://www.policeone.com/
In addition to news feeds, this web page provides a wide variety of policy and law enforcement information. Includes chat, online forums, grant information, and a whole lot more.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12029/Policing.html
Contents include: Early Policing, Professional Policing, Private Police, Seeking Reform, National Crime Spree, Counterterrorism, Reforms, Changes In Police Agencies, Support For Police, Protecting Civil Liberties, Changing Views, and Major Challenges.
Source : Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, vol. 2, 2002.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing Drug Hot Spots
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/hotspot.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/hotspot.txt
The study shows that an innovative drug enforcement strategy can have success in reducing a key indicator of crime and disorder--emergency calls for service. The researchers further concluded that specifically focused enforcement efforts do not necessarily lead to displacement of crime problems to surrounding areas. January 1996.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing for People
http://www.policefoundation.org/pdf/Mastrofski.pdf
Stephen Mastrofski, former professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University, identifies six characteristics that Americans associate with good service from their police: attentiveness, reliability, responsiveness, competence, manners, and fairness. He assesses how police are doing at "policing for people" and offers a reform agenda that promotes its practice. March 1999, 12pp. Sponsored by the Police Foundation.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing in a Multicultural Society
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/publications/specialissue/policesociety.html
Journal of Police and Society: An Interdisciplinary Israeli Journal of Law Enforcement and Criminilogy, April 2003, Issue No. 7.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing in America: Assessment and Prospects
http://www.policefoundation.org/pdf/Bayley.pdf
David Bayley, former dean of the School of Criminal Justice at the State University of New York at Albany, addresses three questions: (1) what is distinctive about American policing? (2) what are the major changes that have occurred in American policing over the last 30 years? and (3) what are the factors currently shaping American policing? February 1998, 8pp. Sponsored by the Police Foundation.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing in Central and Western Europe
Comparing Firsthand Knowledge with Experience from the West
http://www.ncjrs.org/policing/contents.html
Edited by: Milan Pagon, College of Police and Security Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, ©1996.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Policing Mayberry: The Work Routines of Small Town and Rural Officers
http://www.uc.edu/criminaljustice/Articles/Frank_Articles/mayberry.pdf
John Liederbach and James Frank. American Journal of Criminal Justice. 2003. 28(1):53-72.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Regional Information Sharing Systems Program
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/fs000037.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs000037.txt
The Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) Program supports Federal, State, and local law enforcement efforts to combat criminal activity that extends across jurisdictional boundaries. Six regional RISS intelligence centers currently provide a broad range of intelligence exchange and related investigative support services to member law enforcement agencies nationwide. The RISS centers focus primarily on violent crime, gang activity, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Rural Crime and Rural Policing
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/150223.htm
An overview of the research literature and an analysis of rural crime and rural policing issues, and how the distinctive elements of the rural environment affect them. Ralph A. Weisheit, Ph.D., David N. Falcone, Ph.D., and L. Edward Wells, Ph.D, National Institute of Justice, October 1994.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Social Science Information Gateway (United Kingdom)
Policing Links
http://sosig.ac.uk/government_and_public_administration/policing/
Extensive links to web resources focusing on law enforcement in the United Kingdom.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Solving Crime Problems in Residential Neighborhoods: Comprehensive Changes in Design, Management, and Use
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/164488.txt
A NIJ publication by Judith D. Feins, Joel C. Epstein, and Rebecca Widom, April 1997.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

State and Local Law Enforcement Training Academies, 2002
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/slleta02.htm
This 27-page report (NCJ 204030), the first survey of training academies ever conducted by BJS, presents data on personnel, facilities and resources, trainees, and training curricula of law enforcement academies in the United States, from the 2002 Census of Law Enforcement Training Academies.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Sting Operations
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/e10079110.pdf
Describes this practice and some techniques that are used as part of it. It also examines whether law enforcement should use this response and reviews the positive and negative outcomes of sting operations. (NCJ 220724, 72 pp.) (COPS)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Tearing Down the Wall: Problems with Consistency, Validity, and Adverse Impact of Physical Agility Testing in Police Selection
http://www.womenandpolicing.org/pdf/PhysicalAgilityStudy.pdf
This study surveys 62 police agencies and examines the correlation between representation of women officers, and the type of physical agility tests used. National Center for Women & Policing, Spring 2003.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Thefts of and from Cars in Parking Facilities
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/e11011355.pdf
Ronald V. Clarke. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, [2002]
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Thefts of and from Cars on Residential Streets and Driveways
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/e0207158_web.pdf
Discusses a common complaint received by police in residential neighborhoods. It reviews factors that increase the risk of thefts of and from cars on residential streets and driveways, discusses methods to analyze local problems, and provides examples of successful responses based on research and police practice. Todd Keister. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guide Series No. 46. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. (NCJ 217862) (65 pp.)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Understanding Risky Facilities
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/ric/Publications/e02071462.pdf
Shows how the concept can aid problem-oriented policing efforts by providing answers to some key questions. This publication defines risky facilities, reveals how widespread they are, explains how they differ from hot spots, and assesses risk measurement among facilities. Ronald V. Clarke. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Solving Tools Series No. 6. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. (NCJ 218075, 59 pp.)
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Using Homicide Data to Assist Murder Investigations
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/rdsolr2604.pdf
This study explores whether routinely collected statistics on homicide can aid homicide investigation, particularly for hard-to-solve (those taking more than 28 days to solve) and unsolved cases. While most homicides are detected quickly, for up to 25% of offenses the investigative process is more complicated and the identity of the suspect is unclear. For such cases, it may be useful for the investigator to consider other sources of information to help refine lines of inquiry or establish the parameters of suspect groups, given the characteristics of the victim or the offense. Specifically, the current analysis explored the practical application of the Homicide Index (HI) to hard-to-solve homicide investigations in predominantly adult victim homicides, and considered 2 approaches to predict the likelihood of different offender characteristics: a simple frequency approach and a more sophisticated statistical modeling approach. Data consisted of 2,145 cases on the HI (covering the period between 1995 and 2000), in which an offender had been convicted of murder or a lesser offense. The statistical modeling approach predicted offender characteristics with greater accuracy than the frequency approach. Notably, the statistical model more accurately predicted the relationship between offender and victim, the ethnic origin of the offender, and the age of the offender. However, both approaches performed with similar accuracy in predicting an offender's criminal record. The main weakness of the frequency approach is that it requires the subjective creation of subsets of cases, based on characteristics of the index case. Its main strength is that it draws on the combined power of relationships held on the database to improve the accuracy of the prediction for a given set of victim variables. As such, whereas these approaches indicate some of the potential for predicting offender characteristics, they also highlight some of the practical problems of applying complex statistic al approaches to real life predictive situations. United kingdom. Home Office Research, Development & Statistics Directorate. 2004
(Last checked 05/02/08)

Zero Tolerance Policing: A Select Bibliography
http://www.criminology.utoronto.ca/library/zerotol.htm
Compiled by the University of Toronto Centre of Criminology Library. March 10, 2003.
(Last checked 05/02/08)

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