About.Com Juvenile Crime and Issues Page
http://crime.about.com/od/juvenile/
(Last checked 06/06/07)

About.Com Juvenile Crime-Punishment Statistics Page
http://crime.about.com/library/blfiles/bljuvstats.htm?pid=2771&cob=home
A compilation of web links from the former Mining Company.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

About.Com Juvenile Punishment Page
http://crime.about.com/library/blfiles/bljuvp.htm?pid=2771&cob=home
A compilation of web links from the former Mining Company.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Adolescent Homicides in Los Angeles: Are They Different From Other Homicides? Summary
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/AdolescentHomicidesinLosAngelesSummary.pdf
National Institute of Justice(NIJ)/Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), April 2002. Summarizes the findings of an assessment of comparable samples of adolescent homicides and adult homicides in Los Angeles, concluding that gang factors loom large in the distinction between adolescent and other homicides.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Adolescent Violence: A View From the Street
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs000189.txt
This NIJ Research report presents preliminary findings from a multistage study on adolescent violence, which draws from theories of cognitive and developmental psychology to construct a framework for understanding violent behavior. Unfortunately, typical studies on violence cannot explain the occurrence of a violent event--that mixture of motivation, context, and facilitation that channels arousal into actual violence. The findings from this study indicate that adolescents should be taught negotiating and conflict avoidance skills under conditions that mimic the unpredictable nature of the street.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Adolescents, Neighborhoods, and Violence: Recent Findings From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/217397.htm
(NCJ 217397, 24 pp.), a research in brief, examines factors that lead children and adolescents to violent and criminal behavior, combining a longitudinal survey of more than 6,000 children and adolescents with a study of Chicago neighborhoods.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

American Bar Association, Criminal Justice Section
Juvenile Justice Section
http://www.abanet.org/dch/committee.cfm?com=CR200000
Welcome to the JUVENILE JUSTICE COMMITTEE, which develops CLE programs for juvenile justice practitioners, develops policies to further national juvenile justice reform, and coordinates selection of the Livingston Hall Juvenile Justice Award. The web site provides links to sample juvenile justice-related articles from the Criminal Justice Magazine, the quarterly publication for Criminal Justice Section members. Links are also provided to online publications and additional juvenile justice organizations.
Also listed under Criminal Justice Resources : Associations and Organizations
(Last checked 06/06/07)

And Justice for Some: Differential Treatment of Minority Youth in the Justice System
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/justiceforsome/jfs.html
A report by Eileen Poe-Yamagata & Michael A. Jones published by Building Blocks for Youth, April 2000, in both pdf and html formats. 30 pp.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Assessing the Availability, Accessibility and Adequacy of Services for Victims of Juvenile Crime in Michigan - 2003
http://web.archive.org/web/20050308121031/www.mibarj.org/news/surveyres.pdf
Crime Victims Service Providers Survey. Michigan Family Independence Agency, Bureau of Juvenile Justice, January 2003.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Beyond the Walls: Improving Conditions of Confinement for Youth in Custody
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/walls/index.html
January 1998 report.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Books on Juvenile Justice Administration in the MSU Libraries
http://magic.lib.msu.edu/search/d
Type in "juvenile justice administration of united states" in the subject box. Also try "juvenile courts united states" and "juvenile delinquents united states".
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Can Preventing Child Maltreatment Also Prevent Delinquency?
Preventing Delinquency Through Improved Child Protection Services
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/delinq.html#187759
Reviews the links between childhood maltreatment and juvenile and adult offending and examines the role of child protective services in delinquency prevention and intervention. (OJJDP) . 20 pp. NCJ 187759.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Causes and Correlates of Delinquency
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ccd/
"Causes and Correlates projects are designed to improve the understanding of serious delinquency, violence, and drug use by examining how youth develop within the context of family, school, peers, and community." Includes links to numerous publications related to Denver, Pittsburgh, and Rochester Youth Development Studies financed by the Office of Juvenile Justice Development Policy.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Causes and Correlates of Delinquency Program
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/CausesandCorrelatesDelinquencyProgramApr1999.pdf
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), April 1999. The purpose of this project is to determine how youth delinquency problems develop within the context of their community, family, and peers.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence
http://www.colorado.edu/cspv/index.html
Provides informed assistance to groups committed to understanding and preventing violence, particularly adolescent violence; the site includes a database focusing on the collection and evaluation of research and information concerning youth violence. Hosted by the University of Colorado.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Challenging Change: Legal Attacks on Juvenile Transfer Law
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/12-3shep.html
An online article by Robert E. Shepherd, Jr. appearing in the ABA's Juvenile Justice, vol. 12, no. 3, Fall 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Children and Guns:
A Children's Defense Fund Report on Children Dying From Gunfire in America
http://web.archive.org/web/20010204054000/
http://www.childrensdefense.org/youthviolence/report.html
Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Coalition for Juvenile Justice
http://www.juvjustice.org/
The Coalition for Juvenile Justice is a national nonprofit association that primarily represents fifty-six governor-appointed advisory groups that support the juvenile court system in the U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia. CJJ provides all of its members and the public with training and technical assistance related to the federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, annual reports, a bi-monthly newsletter, and several national and regional conferences each year.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Combating Fear and Restoring Safety in Schools (NCJ 167888)
See School Safety and Violence Web Page

Combating Violence and Delinquency: The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/jjplanfr.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/jjplanfr.txt
Every day, crime shatters the peace in our Nation's neighborhoods. Violent crime and the fear it engenders cripple our society, threaten personal freedom, and fray the ties that are essential for healthy communities. No corner of America is safe from increasing levels of criminal violence, including violence committed by and against juveniles. Parents are afraid to let their children walk to school alone. Children hesitate to play in neighborhood playgrounds. The elderly lock themselves in their homes, and innocent Americans of all ages find their lives changed by the fear of crime. The Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's National Juvenile Justice Action Plan presents innovative and effective strategies designed to reduce violence and victimization. March 1996. 151pp.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Comic Books and Juvenile Deliquency
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8580/kefauver.html
Interim report pursuant to S. Res. 89, 83d Cong., 1st sess., and S. 190, 83d Cong., 2d sess., a part of the investigation of juvenile delquency in the United States. Publisher Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1955. Also available in print copy in Special Collections.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Conflict Resolution
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/ConflictResolution.pdf
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), March 1997. Teaching young people how to manage conflict can help reduce juvenile violence in juvenile facilities, schools, and communities while providing lifelong decision-making skills. This fact sheet discusses four approaches to conflict resolution education: process curriculum, peer mediation, peaceable classroom, and peaceable school.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Consequences Aren't Minor: The Impact of Trying Youth as Adults and Strategies for Reform
http://www.justicepolicy.org/images/upload/07-03_C4YJConsequences_JJ.pdf
Despite a federal law that prohibits the incarceration of youth in adult correctional facilities, the number of young people held in jails across the country has exploded by 208 percent since the 1990s, according to a new report released today at the national press club by the Campaign for Youth Justice. States exploit a loophole in federal law, which was designed to protect youth from the proven dangers of adult jails but only applies to youth in the juvenile justice system. Congress is considering the reauthorization of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) this year, and advocates are asking that all youth under 18 be protected from incarceration in adult facilities. Campaign For Youth Justice. Justice Policy Institute. March 21, 2007.
(Last checked 05/01/07)

Co-Offending and Patterns of Juvenile Crime
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/210360.htm
Criminal justice researchers and practitioners have long observed that juveniles tend to commit crimes in pairs or groups. This newly released National Institute of Justice report, Co-Offending and Patterns of Juvenile Crime, examines the phenomenon of co-offending, uncovering several related patterns of crime. Among the study’s findings is that offenders age 13 and under are more likely to commit crimes in pairs and groups than are 16- and 17-year-old offenders. The research also reveals that about 40 percent of juvenile offenders commit most of their crimes with others, and that co-offenders are more likely than solo offenders to be recidivists. The report concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy and practice.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Crime and Punishment
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/urb_age/winter99/crime.html
Fear engendered by the rise in juvenile crime has caused the pendulum to swing from reform back to retribution. Prisons hardly seem to work, but some innovative city programs show promise. Article by Roger Graef appearing in Urban Age, Winter 1993.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Crime Time Bomb
http://web.archive.org/web/20010806221929/
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/crime.htm
Rising juvenile crime, and predictions that it is going to get worse, are prodding cities, states and Congress to seek a balance between tougher laws and preventive measures. Article by Ted Gest, U.S. News and World Report. Still available thanks to the Internet Archives.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Crime Victim Service Provider Survey:
Assessing the Availability, Accessibility and Adequacy of Services fro Victims of Juvenile Crime In Michigan
http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/da/ViewObject.jsp?objid=0000057360&reqid=26937
Michigan Family Independence Agency, Bureau of Juvenile Justice, Jan. 2003. 62pp. Cataloged.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities
http://www.justicepolicy.org/reports_jl/11-28-06_dangers/dangers_of_detention_report.pdf
Rather than promoting public safety, detention — the pretrial “jailing” of youth not yet found delinquent — may contribute to future offenses. Studies from around the country show that incarcerated youth have higher recidivism rates than youth supervised in other kinds of settings. Justice Policy Institute, 2006. Cataloged.
(Last checked 12/12/06)

Defusing the Myth: Prosecuting Children as Adults Doesn't Work to Decrease Crime
http://web.archive.org/web/20010806133912/http://www.aclu.org/congress/kids.html
The most recent research demonstrates that efforts to transfer children from juvenile court to adult criminal court does not decrease recidivism and may, in fact, be counterproductive. Courtesy of the American Civil Liberties Union. June 29, 1996. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Delinquents or Criminals: Policy Options for Young Offenders
http://www.urban.org/crime/delinq.html
An online article by Jeffrey A. Butts and Adele V. Harrell of the Urban Institute, June 1998.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Derailed!: The Schoolhouse to Jailhouse Track
http://www.advancementproject.org/Derailerepcor.pdf
On May 14, 2003, Advancement Project released this first-of-its-kind report that looks at how zero-tolerance policies are derailing students from an academic track in schools to a future in the juvenile justice system. According to the report, in the mid 1980s, a spike in juvenile crime rates gave birth to the “superpredator” theory which held that America was under assault by a generation of brutally amoral young people, and that only the abandonment of “soft” educational and rehabilitative approaches, in favor of strict and unrelenting discipline—a zero tolerance approach— could end the plague.
“In school district after school district, an inflexible and unthinking zero tolerance approach to an exaggerated juvenile crime problem is derailing the educational process,” said Judith Browne, Advancement Project senior attorney. “The educational system is starting to look more like the criminal justice system. Acts once handled by a principal or a parent are now being handled by prosecutors and the police.”
Also cataloged and listed in Magic, our online catalog.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Desktop Guide to Good Juvenile Detention Practice
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/desktop.txt
David W. Roush, National Juvenile Detention Association, Center for Research and Professional Development, Michigan State University, October 1996.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

The Devil Made Me Do It: Adolescent Attraction to Satanism
http://web.archive.org/web/20040709110443/justice.uaa.alaska.edu/publications/9309satn.html
Online article by Lawrence C. Trostle and Melissa S. Green, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Justice Center. The article also appears in Sharon Araji, ed., Society: An Alaskan Perspective. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 1994, pp. 201-218. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Disorderly Youth in Public Places
http://www.popcenter.org/Problems/problem-disorderly_youth.htm
Disorderly youth in public places constitute one of the most common problems most police agencies must handle. Dealing with youth disorder requires a significant amount of police time, particularly in suburban and rural communities. Disorderly youth are a common source of complaints from urban residents and merchants, as well as from shoppers and merchants in malls and business districts. Dealing with youth disorder appropriately requires considerable police skill and sensitivity. Officers must balance youths' rights against complainants' rights, distinguish legitimate from illegitimate complaints, at times be firm and at times be flexible with young people, and remain sensitive to how the public will perceive police actions. Courtesy of Michael S. Scott from the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Disorderly Youth in Public Places
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/DisorderlyYouthinPublicPlaces.pdf
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), June 2002. This guide provides a general discussion of the problem of disorderly youth in public places and reviews the factors that contribute to it. The guide also identifies questions to ask when dealing with a disorderly youth problem, proposes numerous responses to the problem and identifies ways to measure the effectiveness of responses to the problem.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Disproportionate Minority Confinement
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs-9411.txt
National data and research have documented disproportionate representation of minorities in secure juvenile facilities across the country. Accordingly, States have been entrusted with the responsibility of examining race and ethnicity as factors influencing decisions at various points within the juvenile justice system (e.g., decisions to arrest, detain, commit to training school, etc.). Fact Sheet No. 11, April 1994. Mark Roscoe and Reggie Morton.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Disproportionate Minority Confinement: Lessons Learned...
http://www.ncjrs.org/94612.pdf
A 12-page Bulletin written by Patricia Devine, Kathleen Coolbaugh, and Susan Jenkins, of Caliber Associates. Concerned by statistics indicating that minority juveniles are placed in secure confinement at a rate more than double their percentage in the overall youth population, OJJDP established the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) initiative in 1991. The initiative is designed to assist States in their efforts to address DMC issues, as provided by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Five States (Arizona, Florida, Iowa, North Carolina, and Oregon) received OJJDP funding to test various approaches for addressing DMC. The Bulletin summarizes the findings from the national evaluation of OJJDP's DMC initiative and describes how the competitively selected pilot States aggressively assessed the extent to which minority juveniles were disproportionately confined by their juvenile justice systems, designed comprehensive DMC strategies, and implemented interventions to address identified problems. While specific outcomes varied among the pilot States, the lessons learned from their collective experience should prove valuable in enhancing efforts to reduce DMC and to guarantee appropriate treatment for every youth involved with the juvenile justice system.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Diverting Children from a Life of Crime: Measuring Costs and Benefits
http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR699/
A RAND Report (MR-699-UCB/RC/IF) by Peter W. Greenwood, Karyn E. Model, C. Peter Rydell, and James Chiesa, 1996.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

DOJ Kids Page
http://www.usdoj.gov/kidspage
Features juvenile justice themes, created in response to President Clinton's call for Federal agencies to provide information on the Internet for young people. Includes:

Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile Justice System (NCJ 167889)
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/167889.pdf
This 92-page Summary was prepared for OJJDP by Ann H. Crowe of the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA). Juvenile drug use has risen significantly over the past several years, with one in two high school seniors in 1996 reporting having used illicit drugs. While this problem is of concern in itself, the clear correlation between substance abuse and other forms of delinquency gives further reason for concern. While we are working to prevent juvenile substance abuse by educating youth about the risks of drug use and by reducing the risk factors that contribute to drug use, we must also intervene with youth who are using drugs. The first step to effective intervention is to identify those youth who engage in substance abuse. This study highlights findings from two complementary projects funded by OJJDP to demonstrate innovative ways to identify and intervene with substance-abusing juveniles.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Epidemiology of Serious Violence
NCJ165152
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/165152.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/165152.pdf
A Juvenile Justice Bulletin by Barbara Tatem Kelley, David Huizing, Terence Thornberry, and Rolf Loeber, 12pages, June 1997. The html file, 46.4kb; the pdf file 29.6kb. Surveys juvenile violence data, then considers four key questions:

Factors Affecting Police Diversion of Young Offenders: a Statistical Analysis
http://web.archive.org/web/20020213222733/
http://www.sgc.gc.ca/epub/pol/e199802/e199802.htm
Peter J. Carrington. Ottawa, CA.: Solicitor General of Canada, 1998. 64pp. Identifies factors that affect pre-charge diversion of young offenders (N=94,221) in 5 Canadian provinces. The Revised Uniform Crime Reporting Survey provided statistics on characteristics of the accused and type of offense for 1992 and 1993. Factors that increased the likelihood of charges included: older age; aboriginal race; alcohol/drug consumption; type of incident; presence of a weapon; the value of stolen property; and the seriousness of the violation. The seriousness of the incident had greatest impact on the likelihood of charges being brought.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

The Federal Government and Juvenile Crime
http://www.public-policy.org/~ncpa/ba/ba229.html
National Center for Policy Analysis Brief Analysis No. 229, May 16, 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Firearm Use among Michigan's Youthful Offender Population
http://web.archive.org/web/20030708200546/
http://www.jrsainfo.org/programs/michigan.htm
A report by Beth M. Huebner, M.S., Timothy S. Bynum, Ph.D., and Sameer Hinduja, M.S., Michigan Justice Statistics Center, Michigan State University, March, 2001. Still available thanks to the Internet Archives.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Florida Experiment:
http://web.archive.org/web/20010813034208/http://cjcj.org/florida/
This report from the Justice Policy Institute argues that Florida's experiment with allowing prosecutors to decide whether juveniles should be tried in adult court has failed to reduce crime and has been implemented in a racially disparate manner. Further, although it was intended to target the most violent offenders, the survey shows that the vast majority of youth referred to adult court by prosecutors were charged with non-violent offenses, the authors contend. Still available courtesy of the Internet Archives.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

From Wayward Youth to Super Predator:
An Evolutionary Tale of Juvenile Deliquency from the 1950s to the Present (Article)
An article by Stephen Gluck in the June 1997 issue of Corrections Today. Corrections Today is available in the Main Library Stacks under the call number HV7231 .A5.
Note: Corrections Today is also available via MSU Library Home Page, Electronic Resources, Electronic Journals, Corrections Today, June 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Gender-Specific Programming for Girls
http://www.jrsa.org/jjec/programs/gender/
Provides up-to-date information to prevent female delinquency and related problems. Maintains links to research and best practices in the field.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Girls and Violence
http://web.archive.org/web/20021016113523/
http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/digests/dig143.html
Girls' involvement in delinquency and crime, though still less than boys', appears to have increased significantly in the last two decades. There is, however, little knowledge about the causes of girls' violence, and few studies have been conducted on young women's crime and delinquency. Meda Chesney-Lind and her associates have undertaken the most comprehensive analysis of these studies. They have provided much insight into this complex issue, showing significant differences between violent acts by girls and boys. This digest reviews current research on girls' delinquent and violent behavior, the factors contributing to it, and effective programming strategies to prevent it. ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education Digest No. 143, May 1999. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/issues/girls/
The latest research and studies, courtesy of Building Blocks for Youth.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Growing Up Behind Bars: Confinement, Youth Development, and Crime
http://web.archive.org/web/20060424054313/http://www.doc.state.ok.us/DOCS/OCJRC/Ocjrc96/Ocjrc29.htm
Child development and juvenile justice experts agree that, in theory, youth should not be treated in the criminal justice system in the same manner as adults. Juvenile corrections facilities should provide a setting for establishing positive relationships that influence the healthy development of young offenders. However, rehabilitation does not often enter into the current juvenile justice process in the manner that theory suggests. This paper presents an exploration of the net impact of confinement on youth age 16 and younger and proposes a research plan to examine this issue. Carl S. Taylor, Michigan State University. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/principles/contents.html
For too long, the needs of female juvenile offenders have been virtually forgotten. But the growing numbers of delinquent girls demonstrate that our juvenile justice system can afford neither to neglect their needs nor to treat them as an afterthought.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Gun Violence Among Serious Young Offenders
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1078
This 74 pp. document addresses youth gun violence, describing the problem and reviewing risk factors. It then identifies a series of questions that can help analyze local problems. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and lessons learned from evaluative research and police practice. (COPS)
(Last checked 06/06/07)

High School Youths, Weapons, and Violence: A National Survey
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/172857.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/172857.pdf
Recent incidents involving gun-related violence among youths in school settings have sparked fear and outrage in communities throughout the United States. The NIJ Research in Brief, "High School Youths, Weapons, and Violence: A National Survey," examines the extent to which a national sample of male high school sophomores and juniors was involved in, or otherwise affected by, firearms-related activity. The majority of students surveyed did not possess weapons, and the vast majority did not carry them outside the home. Most respondents gave protection as the primary reason for carrying or possessing a firearm, not criminal activity or status enhancement. Results of the study indicate that communities should be exploring policy initiatives that identify and address the antecedents of weapon-related activity among their youths.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

How the Justice System Responds to Juvenile Victims: A Comprehensive Model
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/publications/PubAbstract.asp?pubi=210951
This 12-page bulletin was written by Drs. David Finkelhor, Theodore Cross, and Elise Cantor. Part of OJJDP's Crimes Against Children series, the bulletin introduces the concept of a juvenile victim justice system and reviews the case flow processes for the child protection and criminal justice systems, describing their interaction.
(Last checked 03/08/06)

Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America
web link
Provides a summary of the risks that youth face when incarcerated in adult jails, data on youth incarcerated in U.S. jails, and a review of federal and state laws regarding youth in jails. (OJJDP)
(Last checked 11/16/07)

Justice by Gender : The Lack of Appropriate Prevention, Diversion, and Treatment Alternatives for Girls in the Justice System
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/justicebygenderweb.pdf
Girls under the age of 18 have become the fastest-growing segment of the juvenile-justice population. American Bar Association/National Bar Association May, 2001
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Boot Camps Don't Make Sense
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/cjbootcamp.html
An online article by Margaret Byer appearing in the ABA's Juvenile Justice, vol. 10, no. 4, Fall 1995.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Competency to Stand Trial: Questions in an Era of Punitive Reform
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/12-3gris.html
An online article by Thomas Grisso appearing in Juvenile Justice, vol. 12, no. 3, Fall 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Court
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjjournal1299/index.html
In celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Juvenile Court, 1899-1999, Juvenile Justice has devoted the Vol. VI, No. 2, December 1999, issue of Juvenile Justice to this topic.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Crime
http://www.public-policy.org/~ncpa/hotlines/juvcrm/jchln.html#
A compilation of resources on the high school debate topic by the National Center for Policy Analysis.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Crime, Adult Adjudication and the Death Penalty: Draconian Policies Revisited
http://www.cjcj.org/pdf/shelden_hussong.pdf
This paper explores the recent "get tough" policies toward juvenile crime by placing it in an historical context. We review some of the earlier policies that evolved from colonial society through the 19th century and the development of the juvenile justice system. We note that prior to the 19th century children were generally viewed as "small adults" and treated accordingly. Adult punishments for children eventually changed with the "child saving" movement, whereupon children began to be viewed as dependent and in need of "treatment" and control by the state. The parens patriae philosophy became the prevailing view that guided the daily practice of the juvenile court. These practices and policies, however, have shifted in recent years. The results of "getting tough" on juvenile crime has resulted in greater numbers of juveniles incarcerated with adults in jails and prisons, along with the death penalty. These policies have resulted in numerous violations of the International Covenant of Human Rights. We attempt to place these recent trends in the larger context of growing inequality, the "war on drugs" and racist practices.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Crime in Michigan: Evidence and Public Perceptions
http://www.ippsr.msu.edu/soss/
A SOSS Briefing Paper by Karin E. Stoetzer and Merry Morash. Choose SOSS Briefing Paper no. 97-24. Requires adobe acrobat.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309068428/html/
When communities across the country saw large jumps in the number of violent crimes committed by juveniles during the late '80s and early '90s, policy-makers reacted, supporting measures to transfer youthful offenders at younger ages from the juvenile-justice system to adult court. States also made sentencing more punitive for a broader range of offenses, which led to more youths being detained and incarcerated.

The juvenile arrest rate for violent crime began to drop in 1994 and by 1999, it had returned to levels seen before the attention-grabbing increases. Although many have attributed the improvement to various get-tough strategies, the actual cause remains uncertain. Indeed, some of these policies were enacted after crime trends had already begun to turn around.

What has grown clear, however, is that treating juvenile offenders as adults may do more harm than good, concludes a new report from the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine. A growing body of evidence suggests that even juveniles who commit serious offenses can be treated more effectively -- and without risking public safety -- in well-designed, community-based rehabilitation programs than in secure detention.

Increasingly, correctional facilities have grown crowded, often impairing their ability to provide adequate educational or support services to juveniles. Furthermore, crowded conditions raise the risk of injury to both staff members and young inmates, said the panel that wrote the report. For these reasons, the federal government should provide states with funds and other incentives to develop community-based alternatives for juvenile offenders and move away from institutionalization.

In addition, federal and state funds should be used to create treatment and intervention options that avoid grouping aggressive young people together, the report says. Group rehabilitation for troubled kids may inadvertently fuel antisocial behavior because such programs concentrate negative influences.

Given the overrepresentation of minorities in the juvenile-justice system, policy-makers also should set aside new funds to support a comprehensive, long-term research agenda aimed at fully investigating the issue and rooting out any sources of institutional bias, the report adds. Likewise, all publicly supported intervention programs should be closely monitored and routinely evaluated -- using valid scientific methods -- to ensure youngsters' safety and determine whether goals are being met. -- Vanee Vines, In Focus, Spring 2001, Vol. 1, no.1. Review of a report by Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control, Committee on Law and Justice, and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council, and Institute of Medicine, 2001, 404pp. Available from National Academy Press.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Crime: 1996 Michigan High School Debate Topic
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/debate96.html
A compilation of resource materials provided by the University of Michigan Documents Library.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Death Penalty Today:
Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973-Sept. 30, 2002
http://www.law.onu.edu/faculty/streib/juvdeath.htm
This study by Victor Streib of Ohio Northern University examines capital punishment for minors in the United States. He notes that the United States is the only country in the world that executes juvenile offenders, and looks at several case studies to better understand this phenomenon.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative
http://web.archive.org/web/20060221010510/http://www.aecf.org/initiatives/jdai/download.htm
A series of reported sponsored by the Annie E. Casey Foundation.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Detention Decisions : a Study of the Influence of Legal and Extralegal Factors
http://fred.ccsu.edu:8000/archive/00000025/01/etd-2002-8.pdf
Brian J. Hill. Master's Thesis, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Central Connecticut State University, 2001. 54 leaves. Contrary to the accepted justifications for the use of detention, research suggests that decision-makers often use detention for the purposes of storage, punishment, and protection of children. The current research examines the influence of legal and extralegal factors on detention decisions. The research is based on data gathered from a detention district in Connecticut that serves urban, suburban, and rural jurisdictions. The primary findings of this study suggest that the sex and age of the child influence detention decisions. Furthermore, detained children had significantly fewer charges than those children who were released. Implications of the findings, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Homicide: A Select Bibliography
http://www.criminology.utoronto.ca/library/juvhom.htm
A compilation of resource materials provided by the University of Toronto Centre of Criminology Library. March 10, 2003.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Information Network
http://www.juvenilenet.org/
A new web site sponsored by the Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators. Includes juvenile justice web links, a connection to the Juvenile Network Information Exchange Bulletin Board, and provides a link to the sponsor's home page.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice (NCJRS)
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/JuvenileJustice.asp
Provides a compilation of fact sheets, general resources, and specific items on :

Juvenile Justice
http://www.justicelearning.org/viewissue.asp?issueID=6
Young people are increasingly being tried as adults when they commit serious crimes and are serving hard time in adult prisons. Will treating children as adults deter crime and ensure safety? Or is locking children up for life cruel and unusual punishment? Supporters argue that youths who commit adult crimes must be treated as such. Critics of the law say that it jails a population that has the greatest capacity for rehabilitation and unfairly targets inner city minorities. Source: Justice Learning Blog sponsored by the Annenberg Public Policy Center.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice : A Century of Change
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/9912_2/contents.html
In 1899, when the first proceeding of a juvenile court convened in Chicago, it is unlikely that those in the courtroom were aware of the momentous impact of their actions. Yet, that beginning provides the foundation of how the Nation deals with juvenile offenders today. The Bulletin provides a thorough, easily understood description of the development of the U.S. juvenile justice system. It also uses the most current data available to look at where the system is headed and to examine the recent trend of transferring certain juvenile cases to adult criminal court. (NCJ 178995)
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
http://www.cj.msu.edu/~outreach/jj/Legislations/JJDPA/jjdpa.html
http://www.cj.msu.edu/~outreach/jj/jjdpa.html
Michigan Guide to Compliance With Laws Governing the Placement of Juveniles in Secure Facilities. January 2000.
(last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Articles from Criminal Justice Magazine
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/cjmag.html
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse
http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/jjclearinghouse/jjclearinghouse.html
The Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse is sponsored by the Juvenile Justice Role Model Development Project, at Florida State University and Florida A & M University. Our goal is to be your one-stop Web site for juvenile justice information, programs for at-risk youth, and employment opportunties within this field. Also includes descriptions of juvenile justice programs nationwide, and links to state government agencies that have jurisdiction over delinquent youth. Designed by Cecil Greek.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Connection
http://community.nicic.org/blogs/juvenilejustice/default.aspx
The U.S. Department of Justice's National Institute of Corrections (NIC) has established a blog to facilitate the exchange of information among juvenile justice professionals. Juvenile Justice Connection will feature news from NIC, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and other Federal, state, and local sources, including information about professional training opportunities and juvenile justice-related research. The blog also offers RSS and other syndication feeds.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Issues
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/issues/
Provides a bibliography covering the latest research, summaries of key studies, fact sheets, and resources courtesy of Building Blocks for Youth, an alliance of children's advocates, researchers, law enforcement professionals and community organizers that seeks to protect minority youth in the justice system and promote rational and effective justice policies.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice: Juvenile Corrections
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/juv.asp?category=47&subcategory=68
A collection of papers available in either adobe acrobat or html from NCJRS.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996
Curfew Chapter
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/reform/ch2_c.html
Curfews have reemerged recently as a popular option for policymakers in their efforts to deter juvenile victimization and delinquency. Imposed on and off since the turn of the century, curfews tend to receive increased attention when there is a perceived need for more stringent efforts at social control. For example, curfew ordinances were originally enacted in the 1890's to decrease crime among immigrant youth. During World War II, curfews were perceived as an effective control for parents who were busy helping with the war effort. More recent interest in juvenile curfew ordinances came as a response to growing juvenile crime during the 1970's. National Criminal Justice Association, October 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996
Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court Chapter
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/reform/ch2_j.html
Over the past 20 years, States have significantly expanded legislation allowing for prosecution of juveniles in adult criminal court. This trend has increased in recent years to permit transfer to adult court at lower ages and for more offenses. National Criminal Justice Association, October 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996
Parental Responsibility Laws Chapter
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/reform/ch2_d.html
The Provenzino case brought national attention to a growing trend at both State and local levels to combat youth crime: the enactment of parental responsibility laws imposing liability on parents for the delinquent behavior of their children. Caught somewhere between prevention and punishment for both children and parents, these laws attempt to involve parents in the lives of their children by holding them civilly and/or criminally liable for their children's actions. Penalties for violation of these laws include increased participation by parents in juvenile proceedings; financial responsibility for restitution payments and court costs; financial responsibility for detention, treatment, and supervisory costs; participation in treatment, counseling, or other diversion programs; and criminal responsibility and possible jail time for parents found negligent in their supervision. Although the effectiveness of these laws has not been evaluated in a systematic way, the notion of parental responsibility has attracted broad support. National Criminal Justice Association, October 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Justice Statistical Briefing Book
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/index.html
Whether you are interested in national data sets or the many statistical reports generated from them, this is the place to start for Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention information.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Mentoring Program : A Progress Review
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/2000_9_1/contents.html
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/182209.pdf
The support and example of caring adults play a critical role in helping youth at risk for delinquency to overcome the challenges they face. Juvenile mentoring programs are an effective means of providing at-risk youth with the adult assistance and positive role models they require. Laurence C. Novotney, Elizabeth Mertinko, James Lange, and Tara Kelley Baker, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, September 2000. NCJ 182209.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Murders: Guns the Least of It
http://web.archive.org/web/20030224061723/
http://www.stats.org/statswork/csm-guns.htm
Iain Murray Iain Murray, an analyst writing in the Christian Science Monitor, has compiled statistics on the number of youth homicides in the United States. Murray notes that the rates of child murders in America is much greater than other industrialized nations even discounting gun-related crimes, and points out that the majority of youth violence does not take place in schools or suburbs, which have caused the recent media attention in the United States. Article by Iain Murray, Christian Science Monitor, March 27, 2000 (Page 9). Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Offenders and Troubled Teens
http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/juvjusp.htm
This page is about the nation's juvenile population who are involved with criminal justice agencies or social system affiliates. It begins with a glossary of terms in Juvenile Law, and then provides some short answers to typical questions. Toward the end of this page, there is an alphabetical list of Internet resources that may be helpful to people researching juvenile topics. Dr. Tom O'Connor, Austin Peay State University.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Offenders and Victims : 1999 National Report
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/nationalreport99/
The US Department of Justice (DOJ) has recently placed two items of interest online. The first, from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Deliquency Prevention (OJJDP), is the 1999 national report on Juvenile Offenders and Victims, "the most comprehensive source of information about juvenile crime, violence, and victimization and about the response of the juvenile justice system to these problems." The report is offered in seven chapters in .pdf format.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/publications/PubAbstract.asp?pubi=234394
This 260-page report presents a comprehensive, reliable, user-friendly account of juvenile offending, victimization of juveniles, and the justice system’s response to these problems. It compiles the latest available statistics from a variety of sources to answer questions frequently asked by juvenile justice professionals, policymakers, the media, and concerned citizens. The authors, Howard Snyder and Melissa Sickmund of the National Center for Juvenile Justice, present the data in hundreds of easy-to-read tables, graphs, and maps, accompanied by clear, nontechnical analysis.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Offenders and Victims : 1997 Update on Crime
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/juvoff.pdf
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Runaways
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1694
This 86-page guide describes the problem of juvenile runaways, reviews risk factors, and identifies a series of questions designed to assist communities in analyzing their runaway problem. The guide also reviews responses to the problem from the perspectives of evaluative research and police practice. U.S. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Victimization and Offending, 1993-2003
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/jvo03.htm
"Presents findings about violent crime committed against or by juveniles from 1993 to 2003. Comparisons are made in the report between younger teens (ages 12-14), older teens (ages 15-17), and adults. Data are drawn from the National Crime Victimization Survey for nonfatal violent victimization and offending {rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault} among those 12 years and older, and from the FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Reports for fatal victimization and offending of the entire population. Analyses include characteristics of victim, offender, and of the criminal event such as weapons, location, and time of day."
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juvenile Violence: the Nation's Fastest Growing Crime
http://web.archive.org/web/20011007055155/
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/juvhigh.htm
U.S. News Online Special Report. Still available courtesy of the Internet Archives.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Juveniles Facing Criminal Sanctions:
Three States That Changed The Rules
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/181203.pdf
Report prepared by Patricia Torbet, Patrick Griffin, Hunter Hurst, Jr., and Lynn Ryan MacKenzie for the National Center for Juvenile Justice. April 2000. Focuses on three states: Minnesota, New Mexico, and Wisconsin.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Keeping Crime on the Run
http://www.ndol.org/blueprint/fall2000/diiulio.html
We need a new set of public-private initiatives to deal with a record juvenile population and the unintended consequences of today's anti-crime policies. Article by John j. Dilulio, Jr. appearing in Blueprint Magazine by the Democratic Leadership Council, Fall 2000.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Kids and Guns: From Playgrounds to Battlegrounds
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/165925.pdf
An article by Stuart Greenbawn appearing in Juvenile Justice, Vol. III, No. 2, September 1997, pp.3-10. The lethal mixture of kids and guns has reached a crisis in the United States. Attorney General Janet Reno has observed that, "No corner of America is safe from increasing levels of criminal violence, including violence committed by and against juveniles." Describes promising steps that communities can take to curb juvenile gun violence. The author concludes that juvenile gun violence is preventable if current public indignation generates sufficient support for local, State, and national programs to get guns out of the hands of young people.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The Shield Program
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/184579.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjbul2000_11_2/contents.html
Police officers play a crucial role in the juvenile justice system, one that extends beyond enforcing the law. The police officer on the beat has first-hand knowledge of the community and its youth—knowledge that can prove a valuable asset in efforts to prevent delinquency.
Initiated in 1996, with funding from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Westminster, CA, police department’s Strategic Home Intervention and Early Leadership Development (SHIELD) program takes advantage of contacts made by law enforcement officers to identify youth at risk of delinquency and refer them to appropriate community services. Phelan A. Wyrick. NCJ184579.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Learning Behind Bars
http://www.asbj.com/2005/09/0905research.html
Youthful offenders who lose their freedom shouldn't lose their chance for a good education. Susan Black, American School Board Journal, September 2005.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Lifer Teens : Should Prisons Try to Rehabilitate Them,
Instead of Simply Locking Them Up for the Rest of Their Lives?
Available on microfilm in the MSU Main Library
If execution is improper, experts say, why is life without parole -- the penalty these 72 killers now face -- any more appropriate? If, as the court said, juvenile offenders are fundamentally different from adults, why shouldn't these youthful murderers be offered a promise of rehabilitative treatment?
"The whole idea of juvenile justice revolves around the idea that we're dealing with fixable people, kids who are still developing, but the death penalty made that idea irrelevant," said Stephen Harper, a public defender who teaches juvenile justice at the University of Miami. "Now that execution is out of the picture, I think there are other issues we can confront. Can adolescent killers be rehabilitated? And should that be the goal?" Article by Stephen Henderson, Detroit Free Press, April 17, 2005.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Linking Community Factors and Individual Development
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/fs000230.pdf
During the past 3 years, a research team has surveyed youngsters in selected Chicago communities to study the factors that lead to delinquent, criminal, and violent behavior and to understand why some children's antisocial behavior begins early in life and persists throughout much of their lives, while other children go through a short-lived period of delinquent behavior that begins in early adolescence. The NIJ Research Preview, "Linking Community Factors and Individual Development," briefly describes the research exploring the development sequences that lead some children to engage in antisocial behavior.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

The Long Arm of Federal Juvenile Crime Law Shortened
http://www.public-policy.org/~ncpa/ba/ba235.html
National Center for Policy Analysis Brief Analysis No. 235, July 15, 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Matrix of Community-Based Initiatives
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/matrix.pdf
Sponsored by OJJDP, the matrix highlights major public and private comprehensive community-based violence prevention and economic development initiatives that can assist in delinquency prevention efforts. It identifies jurisdictions across the country that are Federal Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, PACT sites, Weed and Seed neighborhoods, and sites for other Federal or philanthropic community-wide initiatives. The initiatives featured in the matrix are guided by varying goals, from violence and substance abuse prevention to economic development. They also differ according to scope of the geographic area they target, from countryside violence reduction to neighborhood-focused gang prevention.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Mentoring: A Proven Delinquency Prevention Strategy
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/164834.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/164834.pdf
Jean Baldwin Grossman and Eileen M. Garry, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, April 1997, 17pp.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Minorities in the Juvenile Justice System
http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/9912_1/contents.html
Minority juveniles are represented disproportionately in the juvenile justice system, including secure confinement facilities. In 1997, minorities made up about one-third of the U.S. juvenile population but accounted for nearly two-thirds of the population in secure juvenile facilities. For black juveniles, the disparities were most evident. While black juveniles ages 10 to 17 made up 15 percent of the juvenile population, they accounted for 26 percent of juveniles arrested, about one-third of adjudicated cases, and 45 percent of delinquency cases involving detention. The national statistics on the racial and ethnic makeup of juvenile offenders from arrest, court processing, and confinement presented in this Bulletin raise some fundamental questions:

NCJRS Virtual Library: Juvenile Justice
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/JuvenileJustice.asp
(Last checked 06/06/07)

No Matter How Loud I Shout: A Year in the Life of Juvenile Court
http://web.archive.org/web/20011112115147/
http://www.edwardhumes.com/shout.htm
Edward Hume's juvenile justice homepage is a vehicle for promoting his book, No Matter How Loud I Shout (available in the MSU Library Collection), but it also contains lots of informative, helpful, and quirky links--each with an explanation of what to expect. Still available courtesy of the Internet Archives
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Off Balance: Youth, Race, and Crime in the News
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/media/
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/media/media.html
Prepared by the Justice Policy Institute and the Berkeley Media Studies Group, this study of newspaper and television crime coverage found that news media unduly connect youth with crime and violence and that minority youth are overrepresented as perpetrators and underrepresented as victims of crime. Prepared by Lori Dorfman, Berkeley Media Studies Group, Public Health Institute and Vincent Schiraldi, Justice Policy Institute, April 2001.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/
Provides information about the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act, OJJDP publications, federal efforts and research in juvenile justice.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Problem of Lemons and Why We Must Retain Juvenile Crime Records
http://web.archive.org/web/20050304030730/http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n1-6.pdf
The Cato Institute, a public policy research foundation in Washington, D.C., presents an article entitled "The Problem of Lemons and Why We Must Retain Juvenile Crime Records," by T. Markus Funk and Daniel D. Polsby. The article was published in volume 18, number 1 Spring/Summer 1998 issue of "The Cato Journal." The text is available in PDF format. The authors discuss the policy of expunging a young offender's record of juvenile delinquency when he reaches age 17 or 18. Funk and Polsby detail the labeling theory, distributional consequences of forgetting criminal pasts, arguments for expungement, and the defective premises of expungement laws. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Proliferation of Juvenile Curfews
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/cjcurfew.html
An online article by Robert E. Shepherd, Jr., appearing in the ABA's Juvenile Justice, vol. 12, no. 1, Spring 1997.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Prostitution of Juveniles: Patterns From NIBRS (12 pp.) (NCJ 203946)
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/publications/PubAbstract.asp?pubi=11663
Draws on data from the FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System to examine this underreported problem. The authors provide a profile of juvenile prostitution, noting how it differs from its adult counterpart. (OJJDP)
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Punishing Women, Punishing Girls
http://web.archive.org/web/20010221081647/
http://aliciapatterson.org/APF1703/Bernstein/Bernstein.html
Historical piece on the New York State Training School for Girls in Hudson by Nina Bernstein, APF Reporter, V. 17, no. 3. Still available courtesy of the Internet Archives.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Reaching and Serving Teen Victims: A Practical Handbook
http://www.ncpc.org/cms/cms-upload/ncpc/files/Teen%20Victims.pdf
Teens who have been victimized have higher rates of substance abuse, depression, and delinquency than their peers. In working with youth to prevent crime, special efforts must be made to reach out to teen victims and provide them with services to help them deal with their victimization.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Rebirth of the Infancy Defense
http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/12-2shep.html
An online article by Robert E. Shepherd, Jr. appearing in the ABA's Juvenile Justice, vol. 12, no. 2, Summer 1997.
Last checked 06/06/07)

Reintegrating Juvenile Offenders Into the Community:
OJJDP's Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration Program
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs000234.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/fs000234.pdf
Crowded juvenile corrections facilities, high recidivism rates, and escalating correctional incarceration costs were among the primary factors that sparked OJJDP's research on intensive juvenile aftercare. Researchers theorized that if juvenile offenders receive intensive intervention while they are incarcerated, during their transition to the community, and while they are under community supervision, they would benefit in such areas as family and peer relations, education, jobs, substance abuse, mental health, and recidivism. Working with juvenile justice authorities in four States and a sample group of youthful offenders, the research team is implementing a working model to provide the youths with comprehensive, ongoing services (substance abuse counseling, social services, and mental health counseling) both while they are incarcerated and when they return to their communities.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Residential Treatment Programs : Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death In Certain Programs for Troubled Youth
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08146t.pdf
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) has released a report that examines allegations of abuse and deaths occurring in certain residential treatment programs that range from substance abuse treatment programs, wilderness therapy programs, and boot camps, to name a few. The stated intent of such programs is to address dysfunctional addictive, behavioral, and emotional problems in troubled boys and girls. While this report did not attempt to assess the efficacy of such programs, or "verify the facts regarding the thousands of allegations it reviewed", it did note the lack of effective management, untrained staff, substandard nutrition, negligence, and other factors played a significant role in the deaths examined.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Risk and Protective Factors of Child Delinquency
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/193409.pdf
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has begun to issue a series of bulletins on child delinquency to provide the public and policy-makers with the latest research dealing with the prevention and reduction of this growing problem. As this first bulletin suggests in its introduction, "Preventing delinquency early in a child's life can pay significant dividends by reducing crime rates and decreasing crime-related expenditures of tax dollars." This particular 16-page bulletin, released in April 2003, deals with the risk and protective factors that are involved in developing effective early intervention and protection programs for juvenile offenders under the age of 13. The report begins with a brief discussion of previous research in the area, and continues on to identify some of the key risk factors that may lead to a young person's involvement with illegal and violent activities. As the report concludes, the authors note that there is no single risk factor that may indicate that a juvenile will develop a tendency towards these behaviors, but that early intervention programs have demonstrated some measure of success. Source: Scout Report, May 2, 2003.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders (NCJ 170027)
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/jjbulletin/9805/contents.html
An eight-page Bulletin prepared by Elissa Rumsey, Charlotte A. Kerr, and Barbara Allen-Hagen in the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Research and Program Development Division. Although the number of serious and violent juvenile (SVJ) offenders is small, they are responsible for a disproportionate amount of youth crime. Determining how to address this difficult problem effectively and garnering the financial, political, and public support needed to carry out such a course requires a solid research foundation. To enhance this research base, OJJDP convened the Study Group on Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, directed by Rolf Loeber and David Farrington. This Bulletin summarizes the recent report resulting from work of the 22 members of the Study Group. "Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions" uses OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders as a foundation to construct an analysis of risk and protective factors that will enable communities to build effective prevention and intervention programs for SVJ offenders. The report provides valuable insights into the pathways to serious and violent juvenile offending and offers empirical evidence that the key to reducing serious and violent offending lies in early prevention efforts aimed at high-risk youth and interventions with SVJ offenders.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

State Juvenile Justice Profiles
http://www.ncjj.org/stateprofiles/
Here you will find rich, descriptive information and analysis regarding each state's juvenile justice system, illustrating the uniqueness of the 51 separate juvenile justice systems in this country. Developed in collaboration with state and local juvenile justice practitioners, the State Profiles offer an evolving array of information about each state's laws, policies, and practices, with direct links to individual and agency contacts in the field. Courtesy of the National Center for Juvenile Justice.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

State Legislative Responses to Violent Juvenile Crime: 1996-97 Update (NCJ 172835) http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/jjbulletin/9811/contents.html
This 15-page Bulletin was written by Patricia Torbet, Senior Research Associate, and Linda Szymanski, J.D., Director of Legal Research, National Center for Juvenile Justice. In 1996, OJJDP published "State Responses to Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime." The Report summarized changes in jurisdictional authority, sentencing, corrections programming, confidentiality of records and court hearings, and victim involvement in juvenile proceedings, undertaken by States from 1992 through 1995. Initially, these changes focused on the small percentage of serious and violent juvenile offenders. In recent years, however, States have revised policies and procedures that impact the juvenile justice system as a whole and the full range of offenders. During the past 2 years, additional States have passed reforms and their forerunners have refined past reforms in light of their experiences. "State Legislative Responses to Violent Juvenile Crime: 1996-97 Update" summarizes these changes, analyzing State laws enacted in 1996 and 1997 to target serious and violent juvenile crime, and highlighting trends concerning jurisdictional authority, judicial disposition/sentencing authority, corrections programming, confidentiality, and victims of juvenile crime.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

The Students' Report on School Crime
See School Safety and Violence Web Page

T. Markus Funk on Juvenile Justice
http://web.archive.org/web/20010602031232/
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~newc0723/juvjust/
Law review, op-ed, and magazine articles relating to juvenile crime, expungement of juvenile crime records, and the juvenile justice system generally. Includes:

Teen Violence: The Myth and the Realities
http://web.archive.org/web/20011118111229/
http://www.mdle.com/WrittenWord/rholhut/holhut25.htm
We've been hearing a lot lately about the rising tide of teen violence in America and how a new breed of ``super-predators'' is now roaming the streets. We hear people that advocate the need to prosecute young offenders as adults for their crimes, to lock them up in prison like adults for long terms, and to execute them like adults for capital offenses. Short article by Randolph T. Holhut.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Trauma Among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: Critical Issues and New Directions
http://www.ncmhjj.com/pdfs/Trauma_and_Youth.pdf
This research and program brief provides an overview of trauma among youth in the juvenile justice system, including its scope and impact; and reviews tools, curricula and approaches for addressing trauma among justice-involved youth. Issues related to implementing trauma services within the juvenile justice system context are also discussed.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Trying Juveniles as Adults in Criminal Court: An Analysis of State Transfer Provisions
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/tryingjuvasadult/index.html
This 85-page Report, prepared by the National Center for Juvenile Justice, the research division of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and supported by OJJDP, analyzes the principal statutory mechanisms and criteria by which juveniles are placed in the criminal justice system at the State level for serious and violent crimes. The Report also describes waiver, direct file, statutory exclusion, and "once an adult/always an adult" provisions. It also gives an account of provisions by which individual cases may be moved from criminal to juvenile court (reverse waiver) and additional related analyses. The Report is based on State statutes as amended through 1997. It includes 10 tables and an appendix that summarizes transfer provisions in all 50 States and the District of Columbia.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Victim-Offender Overlap: Specifying the Role of Peer Groups
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/205126.pdf
This study examined the relationships among adolescents’ peers, involvement in delinquency, and adolescent risk of victimization. Penn State University, Dec. 2003. 244pp.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Violence Among Middle School and High School Students: Analysis and Implications for Prevention
See School Safety and Violence Web Page

Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools : 1996-97 (NCES 98030)
See School Safety and Violence Web Page

Violent Families and Youth Violence
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs-9421.txt
While we have come to recognize the extent of family violence, we know much less about its consequences, particularly its effects on children growing up in violent families. This fact sheet examines this issue for one outcome, involvement in violent behavior during adolescence. It addresses two questions. First, are children who are victims of maltreatment and abuse during childhood more apt to be violent when they are adolescents? And second, are children who are exposed to multiple forms of family violence not just maltreatment more likely to be violent? Dr. Terence P.Thornberry, Professor, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York at Albany.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Violent Neighborhoods, Violent Kids
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/ViolentNeighborhoodsViolentKidsMar2000.pdf
Office of Justice Programs (OJP), March 2002. This bulletin reports the delinquent behavior of DC boys living in the three most violent neighborhoods in DC and the community institution's involvement in their development.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Violent Victimisation of College Students
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/vvcs00.htm
Examines the incidents of college student victimization and compares the findings to persons of similar age in the general population. In addition, the report determines the extent to which student victimization occurs in campus and off-campus locations and settings, as well as the prevalence of alcohol and drugs in student victimizations. December 2003.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Weapons in School and Zero Tolerance
See School Safety and Violence Web Page

What About Girls
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs-9884.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/fs-9884.pdf
This two-page Fact Sheet was written by Kimberly J. Budnick, Region Chief in OJJDP's State Relations and Assistance Division, and Ellen Shields-Fletcher, Program Specialist in OJJDP's Training and Technical Assistance Division. The question posed by this Fact Sheet is one that cannot be ignored. Female involvement in the juvenile justice system continues on a steady course upward even as juvenile male involvement in delinquency declines. Between 1992 and 1996 the number of juvenile females arrested for Violent Crime Index offenses increased 25 percent, with no increase in arrests of male juveniles for the same offenses. Juvenile female arrests for Property Crime Index offenses increased 21 percent, while juvenile male arrests in this category decreased 4 percent. Law enforcement agencies made 723,000 arrests of juvenile females in 1996. Female involvement in the juvenile justice system, once seen as an anomaly, has evolved into a significant trend. State and local juvenile justice systems are increasingly called upon to address the needs of juvenile female offenders and at-risk girls. Recognizing that these needs require national attention, OJJDP has launched a multilevel approach. It includes reviewing how States are dealing with at-risk girls and female juvenile offenders, developing an inventory of best practices, producing a prototype training curriculum, and implementing a variety of program development activities. These initiatives are described in this Fact Sheet.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

What Works in Delinquency Prevention
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/publications/PubAbstract.asp?pubi=11702
Research shows that early childhood intervention programs can save the government up to three times their cost when delinquency prevention and other benefits are considered. Title V Community Prevention Grants Program: 2002 Report to Congress highlights how communities use a research base to implement, evaluate, and sustain their programs and current knowledge about what works in delinquency prevention. July 2004. 48pp.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

The Youngest Offenders: Delinquents Under Age 15
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/165256.pdf
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth Crime/Adult Time : Is Justice Served?
http://www.buildingblocksforyouth.org/ycat/
"This study, the first of its kind, takes an in-depth look at the prosecution of minority youth in criminal court." Courtesy of Building Blocks for Youth.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth Crime Drop
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/youth-crime-drop.pdf
After a decade of growth, the incidence of violent crime in America suddenly began to drop in the mid-1990s. Criminologists propose various reasons for the sudden turnaround in violent crime. Explanations include a strong economy, changing demographics, changes in the market for illegal drugs and the use of firearms, expanded imprisonment, policing innovations, and a growing cultural intolerance for violent behavior. Jeffrey A. Butts, Urban Institute, December 01, 2000.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth, Guns, and the Juvenile Justice System
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/410417_youth_guns.pdf
The falling rate of violent crime in the United States is not likely to reduce the need for effective policies and programs to address youth gun violence. The rate of firearm deaths among American youth is still one of the highest in the world. In the coming years, all levels of government, the private sector, and communities will require sound information and practical guidance as they try to reduce gun violence among young people. Funded by the Joyce Foundation, this report reviews recent trends in youth gun violence, policy responses to gun violence, and the growing variety of data resources for research on the effects of gun laws. The report is designed to inform discussions about these issues and to aid in the development of future research efforts. Jeffrey A. Butts, Mark Coggeshall, Caterina Gouvis Roman, Daniel P. Mears, and Jeremy Travis. Michelle Waul, and Ruth White, Urban Institute, January 01, 2002
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth in Transfer: A Select Bibliography
http://www.criminology.utoronto.ca/library/youthtransfer.htm
University of Toronto, Centre on Criminology Library. March 10, 2003.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth Violence : A Report of the Surgeon General (2000)
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth Violence: An Overview
http://www.colorado.edu/cspv/publications/papers/CSPV-008.html
This concise University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence paper by Delbert S. Elliott considers currect patterns and trends of youth violence, causes of youth violence, and what is known about the prevention of youth violence. (1994)
(Last checked 06/06/07)

Youth Violence Prevention, Best Practices of
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/bestpractices.htm
With the homicide rate for youth under the age of 19 averaging 9 deaths a day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) announces the release of the 216 page publication, entitled Best Practices of Youth Violence Prevention: A Sourcebook for Community Action (Best Practices). Best Practices is the first of its kind to look at the effectiveness of specific violence prevention practices in four key areas: parents and families; home visiting; social and conflict resolution skills; and mentoring. The web site provides ordering information on the free publication as well as downloading links. Source: Access America, October 30, 2000.
(Last checked 06/06/07)

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