Tolerance.org
Formerly called Hatewatch
http://tolerance.org
A Web project of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Tolerance.org encourages people from all walks of life to "fight hate and promote tolerance." Through our public service announcements and this Web site, we hope to awaken you to the problem of hate and intolerance, equip you with the best tolerance ideas and prompt you to act in your homes, schools, businesses and communities. Still includes sections on hate in the news, tracking hate organizations, and learning the truth about hate groups and hate music.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Virtual World of Intelligence: Citizen Militias
http://www.virtualfreesites.com/covert.militias.html
If you don't mind popups, this web site has some interesting links to citizen militia web pages.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Watchman Fellowship's Index of Cults and Religions
http://www.watchman.org/indxmenu.htm
The Watchman Expositor Index contains brief definitions, descriptions or cross references on over 1,100 religious organizations and beliefs. This year's index is expanded to include world religions (including Christianity) and related doctrines.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Addressing Hate Crimes:
Six Initiatives That Are Enchancing the Efforts of Criminal Justice Practitioners
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/179559.pdf
The six initiatives to assist criminal justice practitioners in responding to hate crimes are: (1) The International Association of Chiefs of Police Summit: Hate Crime in America, a 2-day summit for law enforcement, civil rights and other leaders to develop recommendations for addressing hate crimes; (2) Department of Justice’s National Hate Crime Training Initiative, to develop multilevel hate crime training curricula for local law enforcement agencies; (3) Bureau of Justice Assistance’s Roll Call Video: Responding to Hate Crimes, which covers the initial response to and investigation of possible hate crimes; (4) The International Association of Chiefs of Police’s Responding to Hate Crimes: A Police Officer’s Guide to Investigation and Prevention of hate incidents and hate crimes, and how best to assist victims; (5) The American Prosecutors Research Institute’s Resource Guide, Prosecutors Respond to Hate Crimes Project; and (6) The Maine Department of the Attorney General’s Designated Civil Rights Officers Project, to develop a coordinated statewide system for hate crime investigation and prosecution. February 2000. Cataloged.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Bigotry Behind Bars: Racist Groups in U.S. Prisons
http://www.adl.org/special_reports/racist_groups_in_prisons/prisons_intro.asp
Driven by a belief in their superiority, white supremacist prison gangs contribute to increased racial tensions and violence in American penitentiaries. Not only do their activities undermine prison security, but their extreme rhetoric and animosity toward other races often stay with gang members long after their release. Prison officials estimate that up to 10 percent of the nation's prison population is affiliated with gangs. Anti-Defamation League, 2001.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Books on Hate Crimes in the MSU Libraries
http://magic.lib.msu.edu/search/dHate+crimes+--+United+States./dhate+crimes+united+states/-5,-1,0,B/browse
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Causes for Concern: Hate Crimes in America
http://www.civilrights.org/publications/reports/cause_for_concern/
That simple but powerful idea is what makes our nation different from others where people persecute each other because of how they look, how the speak, or how they worship God. In our own time, in troubled places such as the former Yugoslavia, the Middle East, Northern Ireland, Rwanda, and Burundi, we are witnessing once again the age-old tragedy of people committing horrific acts of violence against each other because they refuse to look beyond their differences to respect each other's inherent human dignity.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Connecting the Past to the Future: Hate Crime in America
http://ccj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/15/1/22
This article argues that hate crimes are not a modern-day phenomenon, but extend throughout the history of the United States. Using a definition based on intrinsic justice rather than codified law, selected events in the 17th through early 19th centuries are examined. Comparative analysis indicated similarities and differences between historical and modern events. The distillation of conditions surrounding hate crime dynamics both past and present, along with the examination of current trends suggest the following summary factors: (a) racism is a primary predictor of hate crime through time; (b) the efficiency and degree of harm potential in hate crime is a function of opportunity and technology; (c) hate crimes will occur more frequently and be more difficult to prevent; (d) notwithstanding the repugnant nature of hate crime, many Americans are becoming more sympathetic to the hate crime perpetrator's cause; and (e) hate crime, on some levels, is becoming indistinguishable from domestic terrorism. Carolyn Petrosino. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 15, No. 1, 22-47 (1999).
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Crimes of Hate : Selected Readings (Book)
Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld, Diana R. Grant, eds. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2004. 391pp. Main Library Stacks HV6773.52 .C75 2004
As an emerging domain of law, the field of hate crimes is changing rapidly. Staying current with the wide-ranging social and legal aspects of hate crimes is essential to understanding policy implications and the growing societal debate.
Crimes of Hate: Selected Readings is the first comprehensive reader to offer an up-to-date, multidisciplinary examination of hate crimes. Editors Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld and Diana R. Grant include articles from a variety of disciplines, including criminal justice, criminology, sociology, psychology, and political science. With introductions, discussion questions, and resource lists, this unique anthology combines the most current research on hate crimes with accessible articles from scholarly and legal journals in a single, easily understood format.
See also Books on Hate Crime in the MSU Libraries.

Cults, Hate Groups, Violent Gangs and 'Offensive' Speech
http://www.fmew.com/archive/cults/
An article subtitled: Should We Kill, Can We Kill, Kill The Messenger To Stop The Message? 'Protecting' the Populace from Cults and Other 'Dangerous' Information on the Internet. By Joseph A. Cilluffo, Edward M. Pinter, and John J. Witmeyer III.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Discounting Hate
http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=157
One decade after the FBI began collecting state hate crime statistics and publishing them under the federal Hate Crime Statistics Act, the national effort to document hathe-motivated crime is in shambles. A survey of 50 states by the Intelligence Report finds that the system is so gravely flawed that it may underestimate hate crimes by more than 80 percent. Southern Poverty Law Center, Intelligence Report, Winter 2001, Issue #104.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Doomsday Religious Movements
http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/en/publications/perspectives/200003.asp
Often overlooked in the discussion of emerging security intelligence issues is the challenge of contending with religious movements whose defining characteristic is an adherence to non-traditional spiritual belief systems. While only a small fraction of these groups could be considered Doomsday Religious Movements espousing hostile beliefs and having the potential to be violent, the threat they represent is evinced by recent events involving groups such as the American Branch Davidians, as well as Canada’s Order of the Solar Temple. Japan’s infamous Aum Shinrykio is a textbook example, where the coupling of apocalyptic beliefs and a charismatic leader fixated on enemies culminated in a nerve-gas attack intended to cause mass casualties in the hope of precipitating a world war and completing its apocalyptic prophecy. By examining the many characteristics of these movements, this paper intends to discuss which types of groups could be prone to violence and which factors indicate a group’s move to actualize this violence. The conclusions presented here are solely the result of a review of unclassified information available in the public domain. Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Dec. 18, 1999.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

E Politics Guide: Hate Sites and Wired Vigilantes
http://www.caslon.com.au/politicsguide6.htm
This page looks at hate sites, online vilification and wired vigilantes.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Families' Fears Grow After Latest Cross Burning; FBI Says It Is Investigating
No longer available via Detroit Free Press web site; try the MSU Library Newspaper Microfilm Collection
Tired of crime in Detroit, Sean Dean left for a home on a quiet suburban block. Like a growing number of African Americans, the 33-year-old sanitation worker saw his future outside the city where he was born and raised. But Monday, he stood near what appeared to be evidence of another racially motivated attack directed against an African-American family in the suburbs. And he wondered: Am I welcome here?
That's a question several black suburbanites are asking after several attacks have raised concerns among prosecutors and civil rights activists. The latest attack was down the block from Dean's home. Early Sunday, someone burned a 6-foot cross on the Davis family's lawn in Dearborn Heights, police say. Niraj Warikoo, Detroit Free Press, August 9, 2005.
(Last checked 08/17/05)

Hate Crime Statistics 1995-2005
http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm
Hate-crimes statistics collected by the FBI are underreported. Most hate crimes are never brought to the attention of police because of several reasons: (1) the victim's fear of reprisals, either direct or indirect. (2)the victim's fear of being "outed", with other consequent threats to employment, housing, educational opportunities, etc. (3) the victim's own shame and feelings of responsibility for the incident, or desire to protect offenders known to them (such as family members). (4) the victim's fear that s/he will be pressured to report the incident to police. Therefore, statistics do not reflect the true extent of anti-gay violence. In fact, federal reporting of hate crimes to the FBI by state and local jurisdictions is voluntary, resulting in no participation by many jurisdictions each year. Annotation provided by the Center for Lesbian and Gay Civil Rights.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Hate Crimes : Causes, Controls, and Controversies (Book)
Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc., 2004. 293pp. Main Library Stacks HV6773.52 .G47 2004
Who perpetrates hate crimes and why? How do hate groups recruit members? Why does so much controversy surround hate crime legislation? While hate crimes are becoming a popular area of academic study, many important questions about hate crimes remain unanswered.
Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies addresses the many facets of hate crimes, providing a comprehensive examination of this complex problem. Author Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld explores the causes of prejudice, the history and operation of hate crime legislation, the activities of organized extremist groups, the international manifestations and solutions to hate crimes, and the consequences of hate crimes upon victims and communities. Considering a broad range of issues from a variety of perspectives, this multidisciplinary text includes the latest legal developments and cutting-edge social research.
See also Books on Hate Crime in the MSU Libraries.

Hate Crimes on Campus: The Problem and Efforts to Confront It
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/187249.pdf
Covers the types and frequency of hate crimes on campus, the definition of a hate crime, how colleges have responded to such incidents, and promising programs of response and prevention. From the Bureau of Justice Assistance. October 20021. Also in paper: (J 26.30:H 28/4 GOVDOC-STK) Source: College of William and Mary New Government Publications February 2002.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Hate Crimes Today:
An Age-Old Foe In Modern Dress
http://www.apa.org/releases/hate.html
Hate crimes--violent acts against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with--are a tragic part of American history. However, it wasn't until early in this decade that the federal government began to collect data on how many and what kind of hate crimes are being committed, and by whom. Thus, the statistical history on hate crimes is meager. Psychological studies are also fairly new. Nevertheless, scientific research is beginning to yield some good perspectives on the general nature of crimes committed because of real or perceived differences in race, religion, ethnicity or national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or gender. Homepage for American Psychological Association Public Information about hate. Provides links to frequently asked questions about hate and hate crimes, as well as contact information for agencies that can offer additional information about hate crimes and prejudice.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Hatred in the Hallways:
Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Students in the United States
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/uslgbt/toc.htm
In this report, Human Rights Watch documents attacks on the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are subjected to abuse on a daily basis by their peers and in some cases by teachers and school administrators. These violations are compounded by the failure of federal, state, and local governments to enact laws providing students with express protection from discrimination and violence based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, effectively allowing school officials to ignore violations of these students' rights.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Healing the Hate: A National Bias Crime Prevention Curriculum for Middle Schools
http://www.edc.org/HHD/hatecrime/id3.htm
Designed for use in middle schools and youth organizations, this curriculum deals with the extent of hate crime in the United States and presents strategies for reducing hate crimes among our youth. The flexible 10-unit curriculum is based on the principles that violence and prejudice are learned and therefore preventable, and that students can develop critical-thinking skills to respond to and prevent hate crime. It includes interactive classroom exercises to provoke debate about issues and ideas, illustrate the profound impact of hate crime, and help students develop skills to recognize and counteract prejudice through involvement at the school and community levels. Available as pdf document.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Home-Grown Hate : Gender and Organized Racism (Book)
Abby L. Ferber, ed. New York : Routledge, 2004. 290pp. Main Library Stacks E184.A1 H65 2004
Are all terrorists men? Why are most school shooters teenage boys? What role do women play in the spread of hatred? Many books, news programs and magazine articles have examined the rise and activities of extremist and white supremacist groups; however, the role of gender in right-wing ideology has been almost completely overlooked. The original essays in this collection explore the link between gender and racism in a variety of racial and white supremacy organizations, including white separatists, the Christian right, the militia/patriot movements, skinheads and more. Abby Ferber brings together the leading voices studying hate groups to investigate ways that gender influences the hate crimes that we read about in the papers and see on the news. Home-Grown Hate is an important and timely contribution that advances our understanding of these hate groups, analyzes their movements and sets the agenda in developing strategies to prevent the further proliferation of hate.
See also Books on Hate Crime in the MSU Libraries.

Homegrown Rage : Ten Years after Oklahoma City,
Anti-Government and Hate Groups are Weaker — but Testing New Yools
No longer available via Detroit Free Press web site; try the MSU Library Newspaper Microfilm Collection
At the time, it was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil. On April 19, 1995, a truck bomb destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 persons and wounding hundreds of others. The catastrophe shocked the nation and turned the spotlight on a subculture that had been growing but operating off the grid: the anti-government movement.
Ten years later, that movement -- which includes everything from the patriot and militia groups to the more violent white supremacists and neo-Nazis -- is rudderless and in disarray, experts say. Many of its leaders are dead. Others are in prison, the result of a crackdown on anti-government activity after the bombing.
But those who monitor the movement say that is a cause for concern, not complacency. They say the lack of leadership has created a potentially explosive environment in which "lone wolves" are encouraged to carry out their agendas.
A disturbing new trend is that some groups are turning to the Internet to attract young recruits.
Article by Judy L. Thomas, Detroit Free Press, April 10, 2005.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

International Association of Police Chiefs
Hate Crime In America Summit Recommendations
http://www.theiacp.org/documents/index.cfm?fuseaction=document&document_id=160
(Last checked 04/30/07)

International Association of Police Chiefs
Responding to Hate Crimes:
A Police Officer's Guide to Investigation and Prevention
http://www.theiacp.org/documents/index.cfm?fuseaction=document&document_id=141
This guide explains the differences between hate incidents and hate crimes and how to respond to each. Hate incidents involve behaviors motivated by bias against a victim's race, religion, ethnic/national origin, gender, age, disability, or sexual orientation that are not considered illegal, such as hostile or hateful speech. These behaviors become hate crimes when violence or physical injury is committed against persons or property, or when victims have a reasonable fear of violence occurring. This guide lists steps officers should take at the scene, factors that indicate a hate crime may have been committed, and ways for police to offer effective support to hate crime victims and the community throughout the investigation and prosecution processes. The guide also includes a convenient tear-out pocket guide summarizing these points and listing additional resources.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Local Prosecutor's Guide for Responding to Hate Crimes
http://www.ndaa-apri.org/pdf/hate_crimes.pdf
The American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI), the research affiliate of the National District Attorneys Association (NDAA), supported by funding from the Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, has written "A Local Prosecutor's Guide for Responding to Hate Crimes." APRI established and worked with an 18-member advisory group which includes 10 local prosecutors, as well as representatives from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the Anti-Defamation League, the Center on Hate and Extremism, the National Center for Victims of Crime, Facing History and Ourselves, a county sheriff's office, the FBI, and the DOJ Community Relations Service. 2003? 63pp.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

National Church Arson Task Force Report
http://www.atf.treas.gov/pub/gen_pub/arsonrpt.htm
http://www.atf.treas.gov/pub/gen_pub/arsonrpt2.htm
http://www.atf.treas.gov/pub/gen_pub/arsonrpt3.htm
Is racism behind the flurry of recent church fires across the nation? Read the results of the First Annual Task Force Report from the FBI and the Bureau of ATF presented to the President in June 1997. Links to the 2nd year Report (1998) and 3rd Year Report (1999) are also provided.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/bja/162304.txt
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/162304.pdf (PDF)
Explains, in layperson's terms, the scope and nature of the Nation's hate crime problem and to provide a general overview of the current responses to hate crimes by local, State, and Federal government agencies; law enforcement authorities; and civil rights groups. Gwen Holden, Paul E. Lawrence, Lisa Doyle Moran, Robert Kapler, and Jennifer A. Ferrante, November 1999.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Promising Practices Against Hate Crimes
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/181425.pdf
Five state and local demonstration projects. Stephen Wessler, Center for the Study and Prevention of Hate Violence, University of Southern Maine, April 2000.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

The Real Story of U.S. Hate Crime Statistics: An Empirical Analysis
http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/HateCrimes.pdf
Through the first careful empirical analysis, William Rubenstein constructs a different, more nuanced, story of Hate Crimes Statistics Act (HCSA) data: before September 11, three groups in the US – gay people, Jewish people, and African-Americans, in that order – reported by far the greatest number of hate crimes. William B. Rubenstein. 2003.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Reducing Hate Crimes and Violence Among American Youth :
Creating Transformational Agency through Critical Praxis (Book)
Greg S. Goodman. New York : P. Lang, c2002. 156pp. Main Library Stacks LC46.4 .G67 2002
As hate crimes and violence continue to hurt the innocent, our society has looked little beyond retribution and punishment for the perpetrators. This book breaks new ground by looking at the ways in which educators and school boards can work to develop transfor-mational agency for those students most at risk. By developing alternative schools that foster strong relationships through supportive communities, disaffected youth can find hope and trust within themselves as they continue their educational and social develop-ment. Undergirded with critical and border pedagogy, alternative schools effectively build transformative agency within their students by genuinely caring about their success.
See also Books on Hate Crime in the MSU Libraries.

Responding to Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Curriculum for Law Enforcement and Victim Assistance Professionals
http://www.edc.org/HHD/hatecrime/id3.htm
This curriculum is an updated and condensed version of the National Bias Crimes Training Manual. Multidisciplinary in nature, it provides instructors with all the materials needed to teach a course on responding to hate crime, including suggested activities, recommended videos, reproducible handouts and transparencies, and detailed background notes for trainers. It is designed to enhance the services that police and victim-assistance professionals provide to victims of hate crimes by providing information on the nature of hate crimes, hate crime indicators, appropriate actions to investigate and respond to such crimes, and effective ways of assisting victims. Available as pdf document.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Responding to Hate Crime: A Police Officer's Guide to Investigation and Prevention
http://www.theiacp.org/documents/index.cfm?fuseaction=document&document_id=141
Hate crimes and hate incidents are major issues for all police because of their unique impact on victims as well as the community. This guidebook will explain the differences between hate crimes and hate incidents and how to respond to both. Nancy Turner, International Association of Chiefs of Police.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Rise and Decline of the Patriots
http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=195
With the planned execution of Timothy McVeigh, a movement that roiled the 1990s comes symbolically to a close.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Rise of the Militias
http://mediafilter.org/caq/CAQ.militia.html
Article by Daniel Junas appearing in Covert Action Quarterly, No. 52 (Spring 1995).
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Skinhead Street Gangs
http://web.archive.org/web/20030626073957/
http://www.aracnet.com/~lwc123/skinhead.htm
Reveals a subculture of young racist skinheads who harass, intimidate, assault, and kill because of the victim's skin color, sexual preference, and religion. Web advertisement for a book available in the MSU Library Main Stacks under the call number HV6439 .U7 O73 1994. Web site still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Spaces of Hate : Geographies of Discrimination and Intolerance in the U.S.A. (Book)
Colin Flint, ed. New York : Routledge, 2004. 265pp. Main Library Stacks E184.A1 S695 2004
While much has been written about hate groups and extreme right political movements, this book will be the first that addresses the crucial role that place and context play in generating and shaping them. Ranging across geographical scales the essays start with the home, and then move from the local to the regional, to the national to-finally-the global. In this collection, much of the focus is on the U.S., as the contributors consider a variety of hate activity and hate groups across the country, including; rural white supremacist and neo-Nazi movements; anti-black sentiment directed towards cities; anti-gay activity in cities and rural areas and the resurgent Southern nationalist movement. Closing with pieces from those who combat hate activity, the intention of Spaces of Hate is to recognize specific geographic settings likely to foster hate activity.
See also Books on Hate Crime in the MSU Libraries.

Study of Literature and Legislation on Hate Crime in America, Final Report
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/210300.pdf
Michael Shively Ph.D. Prepared by Abt Associates, Inc. for the National Institute of Justice. March 31, 2005. 159pp.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime : Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigation
Michael R. Ronczkowski. Boca Raton : CRC Press, c2007. 2nd edition, 363pp. On order 04/12/07
In response to the current terrorist threat, law enforcement agencies at every level have expanded technological and intelligence-gathering initiatives in order to support new tactical, investigative and deployment strategies. The demand for homeland security requires that agencies hire professional and specially-trained criminal and intelligence analysts to find and pre-empt any potential threat.
Agencies must now determine how to train these analysts and properly identify and respond to critical intelligence. Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime: Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigations provides a framework for exploring the issues that all new or existing analysts and investigators must face, including what information to gather, how to analyze it, and the effectiveness of crime analysts investigating terrorism.
Training in proactive analytical-based investigation has been around for less than thirty years. Events now mandate that unavoidable importance of understanding "terrorism analysis." This expert overview provides the crucial foundation of criminal intelligence gathering and analysis and defines the nature of terrorism and its practitioners, subjects of vital importance if local agencies are to play an effective role in the battle against terror.

Understanding and Preventing Hate Crimes
http://www.apa.org/monitor/nov01/hatecrimes.html
Psychologists' research offers new insights on the emotions that lead to hate crimes and how to prevent them. Article by Tori DeAngelis, Monitor on Psychology, November 10, 2001.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

U.S. National Militias Directory
http://www.constitution.org/mil/mil_us.htm
The following are links to unofficial Web pages for each state, each of which will include links to locally-maintained constitutional militia Web sites as these become known. These pages are for the convenience of state and local militias until they can develop their own, and to provide a uniform reference system for the militia movement as a whole. Note that these pages are for constitutional militias only, those dedicated to the preservation, protection, and defense of the Constitutions for the United States and of their state, open to all citizens so dedicated, regardless of race, color, gender, or views on nonconstitutional issues. While the Constitution Society reserves the right to make a final determination of what is to be included on these pages, local militia units are encouraged to think of these pages as theirs, and we will, within reason, try to comply with their preferences on design and material to be included.
(Last checked 04/30/07)

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