National Drug Assessment Threat, 2004
http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs8/8731/8731p.pdf
The most recently collected data from national law enforcement, intelligence and public health agencies. Includes information about money laundering associated with drug trafficking.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

National Drug Control Strategy: 2002-2007 Annual Reports
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/policy/ndcs.html
(Last checked 04/14/08)

National Drug Control Strategy, 2008
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs08/2008ndcs.pdf
(Last checked 04/14/08)

National Drug Threat Assessment, 2007
http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs21/21137/index.htm
This interagency assessment provides a strategic overview and predictive outlook of the threat to the United States from the illicit trafficking and use of cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, heroin, pharmaceutical drugs, and other dangerous drugs.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

National Organizataion for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORMAL)
http://www.norml.org/
(Last checked 04/14/08)

National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005)
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduhLatest.htm
The report provides the latest data on prevalence and correlates of substance use, serious mental illness, related problems, and treatment in the United States. Topics covered include the following: illicit drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, initiation of substance abuse, youth prevention-related matters, substance dependence, abuse, and treatment, and prevalence and treatment of mental health problems.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

NCJRS Virtual Library: Drugs and Crime
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/DrugsAndCrime.asp
(Last checked 04/14/08)

November Coalition
http://www.november.org/aboutus/novembercoalition.html
The November Coalition is a non-profit, grassroots organization who are educating the public about the destructive increase in prison population in the United States due to our current drug laws. We alert our fellow citizens, particularly those who are complacent or naive, about the present and impending dangers of an overly powerful federal authority acting far beyond its constitutional constraints. The drug war is an assault and steady erosion of our civil rights and freedoms by federal and state governments.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Partnerships Bring Reinvention to the War On Drugs
http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/rego/security/drugwar.htm
Article by Kathleen Millar in Reinventing Government.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Policing for Profit: The Drug War's Hidden Economic Agenda
http://www.fear.org/chicago.html
http://www.fear.org/nation.html
During the 25 years of its existence, the "War on Drugs" has transformed the criminal justice system, to the point where the imperatives of drug law enforcement now drive many of the broader legislative, law enforcement, and corrections policies in counterproductive ways. One significant impetus for this transformation has been the enactment of forfeiture laws which allow law enforcement agencies to keep the lion's share of the drug-related assets they seize. Another has been the federal law enforcement aid program, revised a decade ago to focus on assisting state anti-drug efforts. Collectively these financial incentives have left many law enforcement agencies dependent on drug law enforcement to meet their budgetary requirements, at the expense of alternative goals such as the investigation and prosecution of non-drug crimes, crime prevention strategies, and drug education and treatment. In this article we present a legal and empirical analysis of these laws and their consequences. In so doing, we seek to explain why the drug war continues with such heavy emphasis on law enforcement and incarceration, and show the way to more rational policies. Online article by Eric Blumenson & Eva Nilsen.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries...
http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/prsrl/ps/53327.htm
Latest in a series of annual reports covers FY 2006. Cites twenty countries as major drug transit or drug producing countries with Burma and Venezuela singled out for particular concern. Removes China and Vietnam from previous list. From the State Department.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Presumed Guilty
http://www.bigeye.com/forfeit.htm
By Andrew Schneider and Mary Pat Flaherty. A six-part series of articles on the Drug Enforcement Administration's use and alleged abuse of asset seizure and forfeiture in the war on drugs. Originally published in the Pittsburgh Press in February 1991. Also includes August 1991 editorials.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Preventing Drug Use among Children and Adolescents:
A Research-Based Guide for Parents, Educators, and Community Leaders
http://www.drugabuse.gov/Prevention/Prevopen.html
The new edition includes information on risk factors for youth drug abuse, guidance on planning community drug abuse prevention programs, and descriptions of core elements of effective prevention programs. PREVLINE: Prevention Online
http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/
An information warehouse on drugs, alcohol, drug abuse, prevention, treatment, education, resources, drug news, etc. courtesy of the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice Populations - A Research-Based Guide
http://www.nida.nih.gov/PODAT_CJ/
http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/PODAT_CJ/PODAT_CJ.pdf
This guide is intended to describe the treatment principles and research findings that are of particular relevance to the criminal justice community and to treatment professionals working with drug abusing offenders. The guide is divided into three main sections: (1) the first distills research findings on the addicted offender into 13 essential principles; (2) the second contains a series of frequently asked questions (FAQs) about drug abuse treatment for those involved with the criminal justice system; and (3) the third is a resource section that provides Web sites for additional information. National Institute on Drug Abuse. July 2006.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Prisoners of the War on Drugs
http://www.realcostofprisons.org/war_on_drugs.pdf
This comic book by Sabrina Jones, Ellen Miller-Mack and Lois Ahrens includes: the history of the war on drugs, mandatory minimums and how racism creates harsher sentences for people of color; stories on how the war on drugs works against women, three strikes, obstacles to coming home after incarceration; how mass incarceration destabilizes neighborhoods. Alternatives to the present system. A Comic Book from the Real Cost of Prisons Project.
(Last checked 08/31/05)

Problem-Oriented Drug Enforcement:
A Community-Based Approach for Effective Policing
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/problem.pdf
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/problem.txt
BJA monograph, October 1993. NCJ143710.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Promising Strategies to Reduce Substance Abuse
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/docs/psrsa.pdf
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/docs/psrsa.txt
An assessment of effective strategies used in urban, suburban, and rural communties nationwide to reduce illicit drug and alcohol abuse and related crime. The report is intended to serve as a guide to communities by identifying the core elements of promising strategies and illustrating these strategies with examples of programs that are making a difference locally. An OJP Issues and Practices Report. September 2000. NCJ183152.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Pros and Cons of Drug Legalization, Decriminalization, and Harm Reduction
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drugs, and Human Resources. Committee Hearing 106-99, June 16, 1999.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Public Agenda's Illegal Drugs Issue Guide
http://www.publicagenda.org/issues/frontdoor.cfm?issue_type=illegal_drugs
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Pulse Check: Drug Markets and Chronic Users in 25 of America's Largest Cities
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/drugfact/
pulsechk/january04/index.html
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/
drugfact/pulsechk/january04/january2004.pdf
NCJ 201398 provides timely information on drug abuse and drug markets as reported by local researchers, treatment providers, and law enforcement officials in 25 U.S. cities. (ONDCP) 324pp.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Punishment and Prejudice: Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/usa/
Courtesy of Human Rights Watch, May 2000.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Pushing Back Blog : Making the Drug Problem Smaller
http://pushingback.com/blogs/pushing_back/
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Race and the Drug War
http://www.lindesmith.org/race/
Despite the fact that drug use is more or less consistent across racial lines, many punitive drug laws are based on beliefs that certain communities of color commonly abuse certain substances. Due to the racial injustices caused by the drug war, supporting drug policy reform can help end racial inequality. Drug Policy Alliance is drawing attention to these disproportionate impacts of the drug war and "Breaking the Chains" in the war on people of color.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Report of the Task Force on the Use of Criminal Sanctions to the King County Bar Association Board of Trustees
http://web.archive.org/web/20030421044419/
http://www.kcba.org/drug_law/sanctions.pdf
This report presents data from King County Bar Association Drug Policy Project's task force to assess the effectiveness of current criminal sanctions in Washington State and on the U.S. federal level in reducing illicit drug use and drug-related crime. The harmful side effects of the federal war on drugs are also reviewed.
During the 1990s, rates of drug use and abuse have either remained steady or increased, despite the toughening of drug-related criminal sanctions at both state and federal levels. Furthermore, total public costs in Washington have risen during the past decade, with alcohol responsible for most of the rising costs. Rising costs related to illegal drugs can be attributed to increased drug law enforcement and the incarceration of drug offenders, not to any increased demand for medical or social services. Drug-related crime has increased, with arrests for drug offenses increasing by 345% in the state. Combined federal and state expenditures annually for drug law enforcement have risen since the mid-1980s from $10 billion to about $35 billion. The toughening of drug-related penalties has not resulted in greater public safety, nor has it deterred drug-related crime, or reduced recidivism in its removal of drug offenders from the community.
The war on drugs has negatively impacted economically disadvantaged communities through the massive incarceration of poor young men; the sense of disorder brought about by heavy police presence, open retail drug sales, and the threat of violent turf battles; the disruption of families, and the interference of educational and employment opportunities for incarcerated young men. The state should significantly expand its drug addiction treatment, drug education, and drug-abuse-prevention programs, which have consistently shown much greater cost-effective results in reducing problems created by drugs than current criminal sanctions. King County Bar Association Drug Policy Project. 2001. 53pp. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

The Rise of Marijuana as the Drug of Choice Among Youthful Adult Arrestees
http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/187490.txt,br> Andrew Golub and Bruce D. Johnson, National Institute of Justice, 2001. 20 pp. NCJ 187490. Analyzes trends in marijuana use detected through urinalysis among booked adult arrestees at 23 locations across the Nation served by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program from 1987 to 1999. Trends are compared across age groups, populations, and geographic locations. This NIJ Research in Brief also explores trends within the mainstream population based on self-reports of past-month marijuana use recorded by the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and Monitoring the Future programs and presents key findings. Previous crack and heroin epidemics are also examined in light of the recent upsurge in marijuana use.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Should Mandatory Minimum Sentenced Laws Be Repealed?
http://speakout.com/activism/issue_briefs/1127b-1.html
Silvio Carrillo, SpeakOut.Com, June 13, 2000
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Society of Suspects: The War on Drugs and Civil Liberties
http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-180es.html
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 180, October 2, 1992, Steven Wisotksy.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization
http://web.archive.org/web/20010605223652/
http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/legaliz/contents.htm
The U.S. Department of Justice's view on the matter. Still available thanks to the Internet Archive.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

State Drug Control Spending and Illicit Drug Participation
http://papers.nber.org/papers/W7114
NBER working paper 7114 by Henry Saffer and Frank Chaloupka. May 1999. 21pp.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

StoptheDrugWar.org : The Drug Reform Coordination Network
http://www.drcnet.org/index.html
The home page of the Drug Reform Coordination Network: Drug Policy Central on the Internet. Learn about what's wrong with Prohibition and the War on Drugs, and what you can do to fight for change.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Street Drugs
http://www.streetdrugs.org/
A web site designed for parents, teachers, students, DARE Officers, researchers, and others. Pulls together current information on drugs, drug abuse, and includes photographs. Contains an extensive alphabetical drug directory, plus an index that provides common street names. Also provides information about clandestine labs, legalizing drugs, drug abuse in the workplace, and gang violence.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Street Terms: Drugs and the Drug Trade
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/streetterms/
The ability to understand current drug-related street terms is an invaluable tool for law enforcement, public health, and other criminal justice professionals who work with the public. The Street Terms database contains over 2,000 street terms that refer to specific drug types or drug activity. Courtesy of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Teens and Prescription Drugs: An Analysis of Recent Trends on the Emerging Drug Threat
http://www.mediacampaign.org/teens/brochure.pdf
Recent studies and reports indicate that the intentional abuse by adolescents of such prescription drugs as pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives is a growing concern. The ONDCP report examines this emerging threat, which has seen the number of new abusers of prescription drugs, age 12–17, match the figure for marijuana. Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP).
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Terrorism and Drug Trafficking: Responsibilities for Developing Explosives and Narcotic Detection Technologies
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/ns97095.pdf
Explores how the U.S. government is organized to develop technologies for detecting explosives and narcotics.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Treatment or Incarceration
http://www.justicepolicy.org/images/upload/04-01_REP_MDTreatmentorIncarceration_AC-DP.pdf
National and State Findings on the Efficacy and Cost Savings of Drug Treatment Versus Imprisonment. The state of Maryland, like other states, has had to deal with substantial budget shortfalls at a time when the state is under increasing fiscal pressures due, in part, to a growing drug prisoner population. Because of the high costs of incarceration, this has resulted in insufficient resources being allocated to deal with the reasons why substance abusing offenders end up behind bars in the first place. Public opinion surveys show that taxpayers are frustrated by the current policy and it outcomes: A recent poll commissioned by the Justice Policy Institute showed that voters believe by a 5 to 1 margin that Maryland’s drug problem is getting worse, and 53% say that people who are incarcerated are more likely to commit crimes after being released than they were before entering prison (versus 20% who indicated they were less likely to commit crimes after being incarcerated).1 The same poll showed that Maryland voters believe by a two-to-one margin that there are too many people in prison, and 86% of respondents favor judges having the option to order treatment rather than prison for some drug users. This poll reveals that Marylanders know what researches have been telling policymakers for some time: many of the people clogging the criminal justice system are substance abusers and more cost-effective ways of dealing with this population are not being utilized to their full potential. Doug McVay, Vincent Schiraldi, and Jason Ziedenberg. Justice Policy Institute. March 24th, 2004.
Also listed under Corrections.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Underage Drinking
http://www.pire.org/detail2.asp?core=38213&cms=114
According to a recent study, underage drinking costs the United States nearly $62 billion a year. Published in the July 2006 edition of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, the study notes that underage drinking leads to nearly 3,200 deaths each year. "The problems caused by underage drinking are a devastating tidal wave of alcohol harm," observes Dr. Ted Miller, director of the Public Research Institute of the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE) and the study's lead author. state by state breakdown of underage drinking costs
(Last checked 04/14/08)

United Nations International Drug Control Programme
see United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/
The United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) and the United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP) are part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control & Crime Prevention (ODCCP).
(Last checked 04/14/08)

U.S. Department of State
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
Bush era web page: http://www.state.gov/g/inl/
Clinton era web page: http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/index.html
(Last checked 04/14/08)

U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov
ONDCP announces the release of a new World Wide Web site that provides access to U.S. drug policy information. The new site features the latest drug policy information, statistical summaries, ONDCP press releases, speeches, congressional testimony, the Federal drug control budget, the National Drug Control Strategy, and information about enforcement, prevention, education, and treatment initiatives. The site also includes features such as:

Vortex: The Concentrated Racial Impact of Drug Imprisonment and the Characteristics of Punitive Counties
http://www.justicepolicy.org/images/upload/07-12_REP_Vortex_AC-DP.pdf
Phillip Beatty, Amanda Petteruti and Jason Ziedenberg. Justice Policy Institute. December 4, 2007.
A new report released today by the Justice Policy Institute (JPI) finds that 97 percent of the nation’s large-population counties imprisoned African Americans at a higher rate than whites. The report documents racial disparities in the use of prison for drug offenses in 193 of the 198 counties that reported to government entities. “The Vortex: The Concentrated Racial Impact of Drug Imprisonment and the Characteristics of Punitive Counties,” found that counties with higher poverty rates, larger African-American populations and larger police or judicial budgets imprison people for drug offenses at higher rates than counties without these characteristics. These relationships were found to be independent of whether the county actually had a higher rate of crime. (The findings for the 198 counties.) “The Vortex” is the first study to examine the relationships between these sociodemographic structures and the specific annual rate at which people are admitted to prison for drug offenses, and the first to localize the racially disparate impact of drug imprisonment at the county level.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

War on Drugs: A Select Bibliography
http://www.criminology.utoronto.ca/library/drugs.htm
Compiled by the University of Toronto Centre of Criminology Library. March 10, 2003.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

War on Drugs : Should nonviolent drug users be subject to arrest?
http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006060201
President Bush's anti-drug campaign has increasingly focused on a law-enforcement model that attacks the “supply side” of the illegal drug industry — traffickers, smugglers and users — rather than on helping users through prevention and treatment, the so-called demand side. He also would like more middle and high schools to conduct random drug tests, although few have signed on. And although the Food and Drug Administration in April declared that smoked marijuana lacks any known medicinal properties, 12 states now bar state prosecution of those who use marijuana for medical purposes. The number of people arrested annually on marijuana-related charges has skyrocketed — from 400,000 in the 1980s to about 700,000 — partly because low-level drug offenders now can be diverted to one of more than 1,750 new “drug courts,” where their cases are dismissed if they stay straight. The Bush administration says it has struck the right balance between treatment and law enforcement. Peter Katel, CQ Researcher, June 2, 2006. Access restricted to subscribers.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

War on Marijuana: The Transformation of the War on Drugs in the 1990s
http://www.sentencingproject.org/pdfs/waronmarijuana.pdf
Ryan S. King and Marc Mauer, Sentencing Project, May 2005. 33pp.
(Last checked 04/14/08

What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs 1988–1998
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/drugfact/ american_users_spend/index.html
Office of National Drug Control Policy. December 2000.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

White House Drug Czar Launches Blog
http://www.pushingback.com
ONDCP becomes the first cabinet-level agency to launch an online Web log. This new Web site showcases nationwide, local, and international efforts, along with up to the minute news on the Drug Czar, his staff, and efforts that "push back" against the drug problem in America. (ONDCP)
(Last checked 04/14/08)

Who's Really in Prison for Marijuana?
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/whos_in_prison_for_marij/whos_in_prison_for_marij.pdf
The Office of National Drug Control Policy announces the release of a publication that debunks the myth that America’s prisons are filled with low-level, nonviolent marijuana users. Pro-drug advocates actively spread misinformation about the number of people in prison for marijuana, and their claims are widely accepted as conventional wisdom. But they are lies. “Who’s Really in Prison for Marijuana?” uses the most reliable state and Federal data to show that the number of inmates imprisoned solely for marijuana offenses is actually quite low, and only a fraction of that number are first-time offenders. The vast majority of drug prisoners, in fact, are traffickers, violent criminals, repeat offenders, or various combinations of these types.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

World Drug Report
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR.html
First released in 1999, this report is now prepared annually by the Research Section of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), which is part of the Vienna-based United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP). The report takes a statistical approach to assessing the status of world supply in and demand for illicit drugs. Based on data and estimates collected or prepared by Governments and UNDCP, as well as by other specialized agencies and international institutions, it attempts to identify trends in the evolution of global illicit drug markets. Reporting on a largely clandestine sector where information is by definition difficult to obtain, Global Illicit Drug Trends constitutes at present the most comprehensive published source of estimates and statistics on the global drug problem.
Note : in 2004, this title was merged with World Drug Report
(Last checked 04/14/08)

World Geopolitics of Drugs, see Geopolitics of Drugs

Yahoo U.S. War on Drugs Page
http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Pharmacy/Drugs_and_Medications/Drug_Policy/U_S__War_on_Drugs/
http://uk.dir.yahoo.com/Health/Pharmacy/Drugs_and_Medications/Drug_Policy/U_S__War_on_Drugs/
Courtesy of Yahoo USA and Yahoo UK.
(Last checked 04/14/08)

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